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Han 漢 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 221–c.Dec 263 | |||||||||
 The territories of Shu Han (in light pink), as of 262 A.D. | |||||||||
| Capital | Chengdu | ||||||||
| Common languages | Ba–Shu Chinese Eastern Han Chinese | ||||||||
| Religion | Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Emperor | |||||||||
• 221 – 223 | Liu Bei | ||||||||
• 223 – 263 | Liu Shan | ||||||||
| Historical era | Three Kingdoms | ||||||||
• Established | May 221 | ||||||||
| c.Dec 263 | |||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 221[1] | 900,000 | ||||||||
• 263[1] | 1,082,000 | ||||||||
| Currency | Ancient Chinese coinage, Chinese cash | ||||||||
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| Today part of | China Myanmar | ||||||||
| Shu Han | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 蜀漢 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 蜀汉 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin | Shǔ Hàn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Part of a series on the |
| History of China |
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Han (漢; 221–263), known in historiography as Shu Han (蜀漢 [ʂù xân] ) or Ji Han (季漢 "Junior Han"),[2] or often shortened to Shu (Chinese: 蜀; pinyin: Shǔ; Sichuanese Pinyin: Su2 < Middle Chinese: *źjowk < Eastern Han Chinese: *dźok[3]), was a dynastic state of China and one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the Three Kingdoms period. The state was based in the area around present-day Hanzhong, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou, and north Guangxi, an area historically referred to as "Shu" based on the name of the past ancient kingdom of Shu, which also occupied this approximate geographical area. Its core territory also coincided with Liu Bang's Kingdom of Han, the precursor of the Han dynasty.
Shu Han's founder, Liu Bei (Emperor Zhaolie), had named his dynasty "Han", as he considered it a rump state of the Han dynasty and thus the legitimate successor to the Han throne, while the prefix "Shu" was first used by the rival state of Cao Wei to delegitimize the orthodoxy claims of the Shu Han state.[4] Later on when writing the Records of the Three Kingdoms, the historian, Chen Shou, also used the prefix "Shu" to describe Liu Bei's state of Han as a historiographical prefix to differentiate it from the many other states officially named "Han" throughout Chinese history.[5]
- ^ a b Zou Jiwan (Chinese: 鄒紀萬), Zhongguo Tongshi – Weijin Nanbeichao Shi 中國通史·魏晉南北朝史, (1992).
- ^ Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, "Book of Shu: Accounts of Deng, Zhang, Zong, & Yang", section Yang Xi: quote: "戲以延熙四年著《季漢輔臣贊》"; translation: "[Yang] Xi, in the fourth year of Yanxi era [241 CE], composed 'Praises for the Supportive Ministers of Ji Han.'"
- ^ Schuessler, Axel. (2009) Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i. 157
- ^ An example is a quote by Wei general Zhong Hui: "事成，可得天下；不成，退保蜀漢，不失作劉備也。" tr: "If we'd succeed, we'd have all under Heaven; if we'd not succeed, we'd retreat and defend Shu Han and not lose, just as Liu Bei did." in Sanguozhi vol. 28
- ^ 小平 (2012). "三国蜀汉政权国号 "汉" 考论". 西华师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） (1): 63–66.