Sigma-2 receptor

TMEM97
Identifiers
AliasesTMEM97, MAC30, transmembrane protein 97, Sigma-2 receptor, sigma2R
External IDsOMIM: 612912; MGI: 1916321; HomoloGene: 6443; GeneCards: TMEM97; OMA:TMEM97 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

27346

69071

Ensembl

ENSG00000109084

ENSMUSG00000037278

UniProt

Q5BJF2

Q8VD00

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_014573

NM_133706

RefSeq (protein)

NP_055388

NP_598467

Location (UCSC)Chr 17: 28.32 – 28.33 MbChr 11: 78.43 – 78.44 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

The sigma-2 receptor (σ2R) is a sigma receptor subtype that has attracted attention due to its involvement in diseases such as neurological diseases, neurodegenerative, neuro-ophthalmic and cancer. It is currently [when?] under investigation for its potential diagnostic and therapeutic uses.[5]

Although the sigma-2 receptor was identified as a separate pharmacological entity from the sigma-1 receptor in 1990,[6] the gene that codes for the receptor was identified as TMEM97 only in 2017.[7] TMEM97 was shown to regulate the cholesterol transporter NPC1 and to be involved in cholesterol homeostasis.[8][9] The sigma-2 receptor is a four-pass transmembrane protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum. It has been found to play a role in both hormone signaling and calcium signaling, in neuronal signaling, in cell proliferation and death, and in binding of antipsychotics.[10]

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000109084 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000037278 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ van Waarde A, Rybczynska AA, Ramakrishnan NK, Ishiwata K, Elsinga PH, Dierckx RA (October 2015). "Potential applications for sigma receptor ligands in cancer diagnosis and therapy". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. 1848 (10 Pt B): 2703–2714. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.08.022. PMID 25173780.
  6. ^ Hellewell SB, Bowen WD (September 1990). "A sigma-like binding site in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells: decreased affinity for (+)-benzomorphans and lower molecular weight suggest a different sigma receptor form from that of guinea pig brain". Brain Research. 527 (2): 244–253. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)91143-5. PMID 2174717. S2CID 24546226.
  7. ^ Alon A, Schmidt HR, Wood MD, Sahn JJ, Martin SF, Kruse AC (July 2017). "Identification of the gene that codes for the σ2 receptor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 114 (27). PNAS (Early edition): 7160–7165. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.7160A. doi:10.1073/pnas.1705154114. PMC 5502638. PMID 28559337.
  8. ^ Bartz F, Kern L, Erz D, Zhu M, Gilbert D, Meinhof T, et al. (July 2009). "Identification of cholesterol-regulating genes by targeted RNAi screening". Cell Metabolism. 10 (1): 63–75. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.05.009. PMID 19583955.
  9. ^ Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Wahlster L, Bartz F, Werenbeck-Ueding J, Praggastis M, Zhang J, et al. (August 2016). "Reduction of TMEM97 increases NPC1 protein levels and restores cholesterol trafficking in Niemann-pick type C1 disease cells". Human Molecular Genetics. 25 (16): 3588–3599. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddw204. PMC 5179952. PMID 27378690.
  10. ^ Ahmed IS, Chamberlain C, Craven RJ (March 2012). "S2R(Pgrmc1): the cytochrome-related sigma-2 receptor that regulates lipid and drug metabolism and hormone signaling". Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology. 8 (3): 361–370. doi:10.1517/17425255.2012.658367. PMID 22292588. S2CID 207491179.