Snifting valve

LNER Peppercorn A1 class Tornado
The snifting valve is the small mushroom directly behind the chimney.
The square cover beneath is another distinctive LNER feature, covering the end of the superheater header.

A snifting valve (sometimes snifter valve) is an automatic anti-vacuum valve used in a steam locomotive when coasting. The word Snift imitates the sound made by the valve.