Social alienation is a person's feeling of disconnection from a group – whether friends, family, or wider society – with which the individual has an affiliation. Such alienation has been described as "a condition in social relationships reflected by (1) a low degree of integration or common values and (2) a high degree of distance or isolation (3a) between individuals, or (3b) between an individual and a group of people in a community or work environment [enumeration added]".[1] It is a sociological concept developed by several classical and contemporary theorists.[2] The concept has many discipline-specific uses and can refer both to a personal psychological state (subjectively) and to a type of social relationship (objectively).
- ^ Ankony, Robert C.; Kelley, Thomas M. (1 June 1999). "The impact of perceived alienation on police officers' sense of mastery and subsequent motivation for proactive enforcement". Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management. 22 (2). Emerald: 120–34. doi:10.1108/13639519910271193. ISSN 1363-951X. Archived from the original on 2020-05-11.
- ^ Esp., Emile Durkheim, 1951, 1984; Erich Fromm, 1941, 1955; Karl Marx, 1846, 1867; Georg Simmel, 1950, 1971; Melvin Seeman, 1959; Kalekin-Fishman, 1998, and Robert Ankony, 1999.