Sodium chloride

This article is about the chemical. For its familiar form, common table salt, see Salt. For the medical solutions, see Saline (medicine). For the mineral, see Halite.
"NaCl" redirects here. For other uses, see NaCl (disambiguation).

Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride crystals in a form of halite

Crystal structure with sodium in purple and chloride in green[1]
Names
IUPAC name
Sodium chloride
Other names
  • common salt, regular salt
  • halite, rock salt
  • table salt, sea salt
  • saline
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
3534976
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.726 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 231-598-3
13673
KEGG
MeSH Sodium+chloride
RTECS number
  • VZ4725000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 checkY
    Key: FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M checkY
  • InChI=1/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
    Key: FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-REWHXWOFAE
  • [Na+].[Cl-]
Properties
NaCl
Molar mass 58.443 g/mol[2]
Appearance Colorless cubic crystals[2]
Odor Odorless
Density 2.17 g/cm3[2]
Melting point 800.7 °C (1,473.3 °F; 1,073.8 K)[2]
Boiling point 1,465 °C (2,669 °F; 1,738 K)[2]
360 g/L (25°C)[2]
Solubility in ammonia 21.5 g/L
Solubility in methanol 14.9 g/L
−30.2·10−6 cm3/mol[3]
1.5441 (at 589 nm)[4]
Structure[5]
Face-centered cubic
(see text), cF8
Fm3m (No. 225)
a = 564.02 pm
4
octahedral at Na+
octahedral at Cl−
Thermochemistry[6]
50.5 J/(K·mol)
72.10 J/(K·mol)
−411.120 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
A12CA01 (WHO) B05CB01 (WHO), B05XA03 (WHO), S01XA03 (WHO)
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 0: Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material. E.g. sodium chlorideFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
0
0
0
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
3 g/kg (oral, rats)[7]
Related compounds
Other anions
 Sodium fluoride
Sodium bromide
Sodium iodide
Sodium astatide
Other cations
 Lithium chloride
Potassium chloride
Rubidium chloride
Caesium chloride
Francium chloride
Supplementary data page
Sodium chloride (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Sodium chloride /ˌsoʊdiəm ˈklɔːraɪd/,[8] commonly known as edible salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chlorine ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic, and occurs as the mineral halite. In its edible form, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses. Another major application of sodium chloride is deicing of roadways in sub-freezing weather.

  1. ^ "Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Crystal". PhysicsOpenLab. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Haynes, 4.89
  3. ^ Haynes, 4.135
  4. ^ Haynes, 10.241
  5. ^ Haynes, 4.148
  6. ^ Haynes, 5.8
  7. ^ Tucker, R. K.; Haegele, M. A. (1971). "Comparative acute oral toxicity of pesticides to six species of birds". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 20 (1): 57–65. Bibcode:1971ToxAP..20...57T. doi:10.1016/0041-008x(71)90088-3. ISSN 0041-008X. PMID 5110827.
  8. ^ Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, pp. 143 and 755, ISBN 9781405881180