Soil gradation

Granulometry
Basic concepts
Particle size, Grain size, Size distribution, Morphology
Methods and techniques
Mesh scale, Optical granulometry, Sieve analysis, Soil gradation
Related concepts
Granulation, Granular material, Mineral dust, Pattern recognition, Dynamic light scattering
Soil Gradation Categories

In soil science, soil gradation is a classification of a coarse-grained soil that ranks the soil based on the different particle sizes contained in the soil.[1] Soil gradation is an important aspect of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering because it is an indicator of other engineering properties such as compressibility, shear strength, and hydraulic conductivity. In a design, the gradation of the in situ (on site) soil often controls the design and ground water drainage of the site. A poorly graded soil will have better drainage than a well graded soil,[2] if it is not high in clay quality.

Soil is graded as either well graded or poorly graded.[3] Soil gradation is determined by analyzing the results of a sieve analysis [4] [5] or a hydrometer analysis.[1]

The process for grading a soil is in accordance with either the Unified Soil Classification System or the AASHTO Soil Classification System. Gradation of a soil is determined by reading the grain size distribution curve produced from the results of laboratory tests on the soil. Gradation of a soil can also be determined by calculating the coefficient of uniformity, Cu, and the coefficient of curvature, Cc, of the soil and comparing the calculated values with published gradation limits.[1][6]

  1. ^ a b c Holtz, R. and Kovacs, W. (1981), An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, Prentice-Hall, Inc. ISBN 0-13-484394-0
  2. ^ "ASTM D6913 - 04(2009)".ASTM International. ASTM International. 1996-2009. October 13, 2009.
  3. ^ “Soil Gradation”. Integrated Publishing. Integrated Publishing. 2003-2007. October 13, 2009.
  4. ^ “Sieve Analysis and Particle Analysis Archived 2009-12-28 at the Wayback Machine”. Grand Solution Manual. SJ Soft Technologies. 2008. October 13, 2009.
  5. ^ “Sieve Analysis”. Integrated Publishing. Integrated Publishing. 2003-2007. October 13, 2009.
  6. ^ Coduto, Donald P. Foundation Design Principles and Practices (2nd Edition). 02nd ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2000. Print. ISBN 0-13-589706-8