Somatostatin receptor type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR2 gene.[5]
The SSTR2 gene is located on chromosome 17 on the long arm in position 25.1 in humans.[6] It is also found in most other vertebrates.[7]
The somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), which belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor family, is a protein which is most highly expressed in the pancreas (both alpha- and beta-cells), but also in other tissues such as the cerebrum and kidney and in lower amount in the jejunum, colon and liver.[8][9][10] In the pancreas, after binding to somatostatin, it inhibits the secretion of peptide hormones from pancreatic islets.[8] During development, it stimulates neuronal migration and axon outgrowth.[8]
The somatostatin receptor 2 is expressed in most tumors.[11] Patients with neuroendocrine tumors that over-express the somatostatin receptor 2 have an improved prognosis.[12] The over expression of SSTR2 in tumors can be exploited to selectively deliver radio-peptides to tumors to either detect or destroy them.[13] Somatostatin receptor 2 also has the ability to stimulate apoptosis in many cells including cancer cells.[14] The somatostatin receptor 2 is also being looked at as a possible target in cancer treatment for its ability to inhibit tumor growth.[15]
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000180616 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000047904 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Yamada Y, Stoffel M, Espinosa R, Xiang KS, Seino M, Seino S, et al. (February 1993). "Human somatostatin receptor genes: localization to human chromosomes 14, 17, and 22 and identification of simple tandem repeat polymorphisms". Genomics. 15 (2): 449–52. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1088. PMID 8449518.
- ^ "SSTR2 Symbol Report". HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee.
- ^ "ortholog_gene_6752[group] – Gene". NCBI.
- ^ a b c Universal protein resource accession number P30874 for "SSTR2 – Somatostatin receptor type 2 – Homo sapiens (Human)" at UniProt.
- ^ "SSTR2 Gene". GeneCards Human Gene Database Gene.
- ^ "SSTR2 somatostatin receptor 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] – Gene". NCBI.
- ^ Reubi JC, Waser B, Schaer JC, Laissue JA (July 2001). "Somatostatin receptor sst1-sst5 expression in normal and neoplastic human tissues using receptor autoradiography with subtype-selective ligands". European Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 28 (7): 836–46. doi:10.1007/s002590100541. PMID 11504080. S2CID 8727308.
- ^ Wang Y, Wang W, Jin K, Fang C, Lin Y, Xue L, et al. (March 2017). "Somatostatin receptor expression indicates improved prognosis in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm, and octreotide long-acting release is effective and safe in Chinese patients with advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors". Oncology Letters. 13 (3): 1165–1174. doi:10.3892/ol.2017.5591. PMC 5403486. PMID 28454229.
- ^ "SSTR2 – Clinical: Somatostatin Receptor 2 (SSTR2), Immunostain, Technical Component Only". mayomedicallaboratories.com. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
- ^ Teijeiro R, Rios R, Costoya JA, Castro R, Bello JL, Devesa J, et al. (2002). "Activation of human somatostatin receptor 2 promotes apoptosis through a mechanism that is independent from induction of p53". Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. 12 (1): 31–8. doi:10.1159/000047824. PMID 11914546. S2CID 33281755.
- ^ Callison JC, Walker RC, Massion PP (2011). "Somatostatin Receptors in Lung Cancer: From Function to Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics". Journal of Lung Cancer. 10 (2): 69–76. doi:10.6058/jlc.2011.10.2.69. PMC 4319675. PMID 25663834.