Spin qubit quantum computer

The spin qubit quantum computer is a quantum computer based on controlling the spin of charge carriers (electrons and electron holes) in semiconductor devices.[1] The first spin qubit quantum computer was first proposed by Daniel Loss and David P. DiVincenzo in 1997,[1][2] also known as the Loss–DiVincenzo quantum computer.[citation needed] The proposal was to use the intrinsic spin-1/2 degree of freedom of individual electrons confined in quantum dots as qubits. This should not be confused with other proposals that use the nuclear spin as qubit, like the Kane quantum computer or the nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer. Intel has developed quantum computers based on silicon spin qubits, also called hot qubits.[3][4][5]

Spin qubits so far have been implemented by locally depleting two-dimensional electron gases in semiconductors such a gallium arsenide,[6][7] silicon[8] and germanium.[9] Spin qubits have also been implemented in graphene.[10]

  1. ^ a b Vandersypen, Lieven M. K.; Eriksson, Mark A. (2019-08-01). "Quantum computing with semiconductor spins". Physics Today. 72 (8): 38. Bibcode:2019PhT....72h..38V. doi:10.1063/PT.3.4270. ISSN 0031-9228. S2CID 201305644.
  2. ^ Loss, Daniel; DiVincenzo, David P. (1998-01-01). "Quantum computation with quantum dots". Physical Review A. 57 (1): 120–126. arXiv:cond-mat/9701055. Bibcode:1998PhRvA..57..120L. doi:10.1103/physreva.57.120. ISSN 1050-2947.
  3. ^ "Intel releases 12-qubit silicon quantum chip to the quantum community". 22 June 2023.
  4. ^ "Intel Enters the Quantum Computing Horse Race with 12-Qubit Chip".
  5. ^ "What Intel is Planning for the Future of Quantum Computing: Hot Qubits, Cold Control Chips, and Rapid Testing - IEEE Spectrum".
  6. ^ Petta, J. R. (2005). "Coherent Manipulation of Coupled Electron Spins in Semiconductor Quantum Dots". Science. 309 (5744): 2180–2184. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.2180P. doi:10.1126/science.1116955. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16141370. S2CID 9107033.
  7. ^ Bluhm, Hendrik; Foletti, Sandra; Neder, Izhar; Rudner, Mark; Mahalu, Diana; Umansky, Vladimir; Yacoby, Amir (2010). "Dephasing time of GaAs electron-spin qubits coupled to a nuclear bath exceeding 200 μs". Nature Physics. 7 (2): 109–113. doi:10.1038/nphys1856. ISSN 1745-2473.
  8. ^ Wang, Siying; Querner, Claudia; Dadosh, Tali; Crouch, Catherine H.; Novikov, Dmitry S.; Drndic, Marija (2011). "Collective fluorescence enhancement in nanoparticle clusters". Nature Communications. 2 (1): 364. Bibcode:2011NatCo...2..364W. doi:10.1038/ncomms1357. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 21694712.
  9. ^ Watzinger, Hannes; Kukučka, Josip; Vukušić, Lada; Gao, Fei; Wang, Ting; Schäffler, Friedrich; Zhang, Jian-Jun; Katsaros, Georgios (2018-09-25). "A germanium hole spin qubit". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 3902. arXiv:1802.00395. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.3902W. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 6156604. PMID 30254225.
  10. ^ Trauzettel, Björn; Bulaev, Denis V.; Loss, Daniel; Burkard, Guido (2007). "Spin qubits in graphene quantum dots". Nature Physics. 3 (3): 192–196. arXiv:cond-mat/0611252. Bibcode:2007NatPh...3..192T. doi:10.1038/nphys544. ISSN 1745-2473. S2CID 119431314.