Spironucleus

Spironucleus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Phylum: Metamonada
Order: Diplomonadida
Family: Hexamitidae
Subfamily: Hexamitinae
Genus: Spironucleus
Species[1]

Spironucleus is a diplomonad genus that is bilaterally symmetrical and can be found in various animal hosts.[2][3] This genus is a binucleate flagellate, which is able to live in the anaerobic conditions of animal intestinal tracts. A characteristic of Spironucleus that is common to all metamonads is that it does not have aerobic mitochondria, but instead rely on hydrogenosomes to produce energy. Spironucleus has six anterior and two posterior flagella. The life cycle of Spironucleus involves one active trophozoite stage and one inactive cyst stage. Spironucleus undergoes asexual reproduction via longitudinal binary fission. Spironucleus vortens can cause lateral line erosion in freshwater anglefish.[4][3] Spironucleus columbae is found to cause hexamitiasis in pigeons.[5][3] Finally, Spironucleus muris is found to cause illnesses of the digestive system in mice, rats, and hamsters.[6][3] The genome of Spironucleus has been studied to exhibit the role of lateral gene transfer from prokaryotes in allowing for anaerobic metabolic processes in diplomonads.[7]

  1. ^ "Spironucleus". NCBI taxonomy. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Archived from the original on 19 February 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  2. ^ Whary, Mark T.; Baumgarth, Nicole; Fox, James G.; Barthold, Stephen W. (2015), "Biology and Diseases of Mice", Laboratory Animal Medicine, Elsevier, pp. 43–149, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409527-4.00003-1, ISBN 9780124095274, S2CID 88753861
  3. ^ a b c d Adeel ur Rehman (2012). Characterization of putative diagnostic proteins from Giardia and Spironucleus salmonicida (PDF) (Thesis). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-04-01. Retrieved 2020-08-26.
  4. ^ Mayer, Jörg, editor. Donnelly, Thomas M., editor. (2013). Clinical veterinary advisor. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 28–29. ISBN 9781416039693. OCLC 812568975. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Herdt, Peter De; Pasmans, Frank (2009), "Pigeons", Handbook of Avian Medicine, Elsevier, pp. 350–376, doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-2874-8.00015-8, ISBN 9780702028748
  6. ^ Greaves, Peter (2012), "Digestive System", Histopathology of Preclinical Toxicity Studies (Fourth Edition), Elsevier, pp. 325–431, ISBN 9780444538611, archived from the original on 2019-04-22, retrieved 2019-04-22
  7. ^ Andersson, Jan O Sjögren, Åsa M Horner, David S Murphy, Colleen A Dyal, Patricia L Svärd, Staffan G Logsdon, John M Ragan, Mark A Hirt, Robert P Roger, Andrew J (2007-02-14). A genomic survey of the fish parasite Spironucleus salmonicida indicates genomic plasticity among diplomonads and significant lateral gene transfer in eukaryote genome evolution. BioMed Central. OCLC 678503494.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)