St Osyth's Priory

St Osyth Priory
St Osyth Priory
Location	St Osyth
Coordinates	51°47′57″N 1°04′30″E / 51.7992°N 1.0749°E / 51.7992; 1.0749
Area	Essex
Listed Building – Grade I
Official name	St Osyth's Priory: The Abbot's Lodging and South Wing, the Darcy Clock Tower and C18 House (formerly listed as the Convalescent Home).
Designated	21 February 1950
Reference no.	1337158
Listed Building – Grade I
Official name	St Osyth's Priory ruined east ranges of the Darcy House including the Tower and Chapel
Designated	21 February 1950
Reference no.	1337159
Listed Building – Grade I
Official name	St Osyth's Priory, Gatehouse and East and West flanking Ranges
Designated	21 February 1950
Reference no.	1111495
Listed Building – Grade II*
Official name	St Osyth's Priory, Tithe Barn adjoining the west range of Gatehouse
Designated	21 February 1950
Reference no.	1308972
Listed Building – Grade II*
Official name	St Osyth's Priory: West Barn and Baliffs Cottage
Designated	21 February 1950
Reference no.	1166310
Location of St Osyth Priory in Essex

St Osyth's Abbey (originally and still commonly known as St Osyth's Priory) was a house of Augustine Canons Regular in the parish of St Osyth (then named Chich) in Essex, England in use from the 12th to 16th centuries. Founded by Richard de Belmeis, Bishop of London, c. 1121, it became one of the largest religious houses in Essex. It was dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul as well as St Osyth (Osith), a royal saint and virgin martyr.^[2] Bishop Richard obtained the arm bone of St Osyth from Aylesbury for the monastic church and granted the canons the parish church of St Osyth.

The foundation began as a priory, probably populated first by canons from Holy Trinity, Aldgate.^[2] The first prior of St Osyth's was William de Corbeil, who was elected archbishop of Canterbury in 1123 and who crowned King Stephen in 1135.^[3] The priory was converted into an abbey in the mid-12th century.^[4]

In the Gesta Pontificum Anglorum, William of Malmesbury spoke in praise of the piety and learning of the canons at St Osyth's in the twelfth century.^[5] One of the second generation of canons there was William de Vere, later bishop of Hereford, who wrote a Latin Life of St Osyth,^[6] in which he mentions that his mother Adeliza, daughter of Gilbert fitz Richard of Clare, had been a corrodian at the abbey for twenty years of her widowhood.

A charter of King Henry II confirmed the right of the canons of St Osyth's to elect their abbot and to hold a market every Sunday at Chich in the later 12th century.

John Depyng, prior of St. Botolph's was made abbot of St Osyth's in 1434, and took with him goods of considerable value belonging to the priory. He never returned these, and after his death St Botolph's brought an apparently unsuccessful lawsuit in Chancery against St Osyth's for their recovery.^[7]

During the Suppression of the Monasteries, the religious group was dissolved by King Henry VIII in 1539, at which time there were a prior and sixteen canons. The king granted it to his minister Thomas Cromwell, but on his fall from favour, the abbey and its estates were returned to crown possession. In the reign of King Edward VI they were sold to Sir Thomas Darcy for just under £400.^[8] The gatehouse, dating from the late 15th century, is the most significant remnant of the original monastic structures still standing. The exterior is a fine example of decorative flint work. Five parts of the priory are Grade I listed buildings.^{[1][9][10][11][12]}

On 11 November 1884 the building was consecrated as a masonic lodge (no. 2063),^[13] one of the principal officers being the then owner, Sir John Henry Johnson. The priory was later owned by the writer Somerset de Chair, from 1954 until his death in 1995. It stood in for St Anselm's Theological College in the BBC's miniseries adaptation of P. D. James' Death in Holy Orders in 2003.