Staphylococcus hyicus

Staphylococcus hyicus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Bacillota
Class: Bacilli
Order: Caryophanales
Family: Staphylococcaceae
Genus: Staphylococcus
Species:
S. hyicus
Binomial name
Staphylococcus hyicus
Sompolinsky 1953; Devriese et al. 1978

Staphylococcus hyicus is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacterium in the genus Staphylococcus. It consists of clustered cocci and forms white circular colonies when grown on blood agar.[1] S. hyicus is a known animal pathogen. It causes disease in poultry,[2] cattle,[3] horses,[4] and pigs.[5] Most notably, it is the agent that causes porcine exudative epidermitis, also known as greasy pig disease, in piglets.[6] S. hyicus is generally considered to not be zoonotic,[1] however it has been shown to be able to cause bacteremia and sepsis in humans.[7][8]

Staphylococcus hyicus commonly infects pig herds worldwide due to its global distribution.[1] It can be found on asymptomatic carrier pigs at sites such as the skin, mucosa of nasal cavity, conjunctiva, and genitals (vagina of sow and prepuce of boar).[1][9]

Gram positive cocci in clusters. This could be S. hyicus but it is impossible to tell without further diagnostics.

Infection with S. hyicus can be prevented with an autogenous vaccine.[10][11] Managing the pigs can prevent disease and reduce the severity of an outbreak.[11] Treatment includes topical sprays and oils[12] as well as antibiotics, which should be tested to ensure S. hyicus is susceptible to them.[12][13][14]

  1. ^ a b c d Zimmerman JJ, Karriker LA, Ramirez A, Schwartz KJ, Stevenson GW, Jianqiang Z, eds. (2019). Diseases of Swine (Eleventh ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-1-119-35090-3. OCLC 1051779035.
  2. ^ Szafraniec GM, Szeleszczuk P, Dolka B (August 2020). "Staphylococcus agnetis in Poultry". Animals. 10 (8): 1421. doi:10.3390/ani10081421. PMC 7460464. PMID 32823920.
  3. ^ Devriese LA, Derycke J (May 1979). "Staphylococcus hyicus in cattle". Research in Veterinary Science. 26 (3): 356–8. doi:10.1016/S0034-5288(18)32893-5. PMID 515523.
  4. ^ Devriese LA, Vlaminck K, Nuytten J, De Keersmaecker P (July 1983). "Staphylococcus hyicus in skin lesions of horses". Equine Veterinary Journal. 15 (3): 263–5. doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01786.x. PMID 6884317.
  5. ^ Andresen LO (April 1998). "Differentiation and distribution of three types of exfoliative toxin produced by Staphylococcus hyicus from pigs with exudative epidermitis". FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology. 20 (4): 301–10. doi:10.1111/j.1574-695X.1998.tb01140.x. PMID 9626935.
  6. ^ Davies PR (November 2013). "Overview of Exudative Epidermitis (Greasy pig disease)". Merck Veterinary Manual.
  7. ^ Casanova C, Iselin L, von Steiger N, Droz S, Sendi P (December 2011). "Staphylococcus hyicus bacteremia in a farmer". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 49 (12): 4377–8. doi:10.1128/JCM.05645-11. PMC 3233007. PMID 21998429.
  8. ^ Foissac M, Lekaditi M, Loutfi B, Ehrhart A, Dauchy FA (September 2016). "Spondylodiscitis and bacteremia due to Staphylococcus hyicus in an immunocompetent man". Germs. 6 (3): 106–10. doi:10.11599/germs.2016.1097. PMC 5018387. PMID 27622163.
  9. ^ Laber KE, Whary MT, Bingel SA, Goodrich JA, Smith AC, Swindle MM (2002-01-01). "Chapter 15 - Biology and Diseases of Swine". In Fox JG, Anderson LC, Loew FM, Quimby FW (eds.). Laboratory Animal Medicine. American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine (Second ed.). Burlington: Academic Press. pp. 615–673. doi:10.1016/b978-012263951-7/50018-1. ISBN 978-0-12-263951-7. PMC 7158357.
  10. ^ Arsenakis I, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, Maes DG (June 2018). "Autogenous vaccination reduces antimicrobial usage and mortality rates in a herd facing severe exudative epidermitis outbreaks in weaned pigs". The Veterinary Record. 182 (26): 744. doi:10.1136/vr.104720. PMC 6047161. PMID 29599298.
  11. ^ a b Zimmerman JJ, Karriker LA, Ramirez A, Stevenson GW, Schwartz KJ (2012). Diseases of swine (10th ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-8138-2267-9. OCLC 757838376.
  12. ^ a b Rajkhowa S, Pegu SR, Mrinalee D, Kaushik P, Anubrata D (2011). "Occurrence of exudative epidermitis in pigs and its treatment". Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. 81 (7): 700–1.
  13. ^ Park J, Friendship RM, Poljak Z, Weese JS, Dewey CE (February 2013). "An investigation of exudative epidermitis (greasy pig disease) and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Staphylococcus hyicus and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical cases". The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 54 (2): 139–44. PMC 3552588. PMID 23904636.
  14. ^ Wegener HC, Watts JL, Salmon SA, Yancey RJ (March 1994). "Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus hyicus isolated from exudative epidermitis in pigs". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 32 (3): 793–5. doi:10.1128/JCM.32.3.793-795.1994. PMC 263126. PMID 8195396.