The Stonehouse and Nailsworth Railway was a short railway line in the county of Gloucestershire, England. It was promoted independently to connect the industrial town of Nailsworth to the main line railway network at Stonehouse. It opened in 1867, but was immediately in financial difficulty, due largely to debenture interest payments and other financial commitments from the construction.
The Midland Railway purchased the line in 1868. They later decided to build a short branch line from Dudbridge to Stroud, and that opened in 1885.
The passenger service was suspended in 1947 as a response to the post-war national fuel emergency, but the suspension was shortly made a permanent closure. The local goods service continued until 1966 from which time the line was completely closed.