Sufficiency economy (Thai: เศรษฐกิจพอเพียง, romanized: Setthakit Phophiang) is the name of a Thai development approach attributed to the late King Bhumibol Adulyadej's "sufficiency economy philosophy" (SEP). It has been elaborated upon by Thai academics and agencies, promoted by the Government of Thailand, and applied by over 23,000 villages in Thailand that have SEP-based projects in operation.[1]: 33