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| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Sulfur hexafluoride
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| Systematic IUPAC name
Hexafluoro-λ6-sulfane[1] | |||
| Other names
Elagas
Esaflon | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.018.050 | ||
| EC Number |
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| 2752 | |||
| KEGG | |||
| MeSH | Sulfur+hexafluoride | ||
PubChem CID
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1080 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |||
| SF6 | |||
| Molar mass | 146.05 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless gas | ||
| Odor | odorless[2] | ||
| Density | 6.17 g/L | ||
| Melting point | −64 °C; −83 °F; 209 K | ||
| Boiling point | −50.8 °C (−59.4 °F; 222.3 K) | ||
| Critical point (T, P) | 45.51±0.1 °C, 3.749±0.01 MPa[3] | ||
| 0.003% (25 °C)[2] | |||
| Solubility | slightly soluble in water, very soluble in ethanol, hexane, benzene | ||
| Vapor pressure | 2.9 MPa (at 21.1 °C) | ||
| −44.0×10−6 cm3/mol | |||
| Thermal conductivity |
| ||
| Viscosity | 15.23 μPa·s[5] | ||
| Structure | |||
| Orthorhombic, oP28 | |||
| Oh | |||
| Orthogonal hexagonal | |||
| Octahedral | |||
| 0 D | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C)
|
0.097 kJ/(mol·K) (constant pressure) | ||
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
292 J·mol−1·K−1[6] | ||
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−1209 kJ·mol−1[6] | ||
| Pharmacology | |||
| V08DA05 (WHO) | |||
| License data | |||
| Hazards | |||
| GHS labelling:[7] | |||
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| Warning | |||
| H280 | |||
| P403 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
|
TWA 1000 ppm (6000 mg/m3)[2] | ||
REL (Recommended)
|
TWA 1000 ppm (6000 mg/m3)[2] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger)
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N.D.[2] | ||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related sulfur fluorides
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Disulfur decafluoride | ||
Related compounds
|
Selenium hexafluoride Sulfuryl fluoride | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Sulfur hexafluoride or sulphur hexafluoride (British spelling) is an inorganic compound with the formula SF6. It is a colorless, odorless, non-flammable, and non-toxic gas. SF
6 has an octahedral geometry, consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is a hypervalent molecule.[citation needed]
Typical for a nonpolar gas, SF
6 is poorly soluble in water but quite soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. It has a density of 6.12 g/L at sea level conditions, considerably higher than the density of air (1.225 g/L). It is generally stored and transported as a liquefied compressed gas.[8]
SF
6 has 23,500 times greater global warming potential (GWP) than CO2 as a greenhouse gas (over a 100-year time-frame) but exists in relatively minor concentrations in the atmosphere. Its concentration in Earth's troposphere reached 11.50 parts per trillion (ppt) in October 2023, rising at 0.37 ppt/year.[9] The increase since 1980 is driven in large part by the expanding electric power sector, including fugitive emissions from banks of SF
6 gas contained in its medium- and high-voltage switchgear. Uses in magnesium, aluminium, and electronics manufacturing also hastened atmospheric growth.[10] The 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which came into force in 2005, is supposed to limit emissions of this gas. In a somewhat nebulous way it has been included as part of the carbon emission trading scheme. In some countries this has led to the defunction of entire industries.[11]
- ^ "Sulfur Hexafluoride - PubChem Public Chemical Database". PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
- ^ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0576". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ Horstmann S, Fischer K, Gmehling J (2002). "Measurement and calculation of critical points for binary and ternary mixtures". AIChE Journal. 48 (10): 2350–2356. Bibcode:2002AIChE..48.2350H. doi:10.1002/aic.690481024. ISSN 0001-1541.
- ^ Assael MJ, Koini IA, Antoniadis KD, Huber ML, Abdulagatov IM, Perkins RA (2012). "Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Sulfur Hexafluoride from the Triple Point to 1000 K and up to 150 MPa". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 41 (2): 023104–023104–9. Bibcode:2012JPCRD..41b3104A. doi:10.1063/1.4708620. ISSN 0047-2689. S2CID 18916699.
- ^ Assael MJ, Kalyva AE, Monogenidou SA, Huber ML, Perkins RA, Friend DG, May EF (2018). "Reference Values and Reference Correlations for the Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Fluids". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 47 (2): 021501. Bibcode:2018JPCRD..47b1501A. doi:10.1063/1.5036625. ISSN 0047-2689. PMC 6463310. PMID 30996494.
- ^ a b Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A23. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
- ^ GHS: Record of Schwefelhexafluorid in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 2021-12-13.
- ^ Niemeyer L (1998), Christophorou LG, Olthoff JK (eds.), "SF6 Recycling in Electric Power Equipment", Gaseous Dielectrics VIII, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 431–442, doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4899-7_58, ISBN 978-1-4615-4899-7, retrieved 2024-08-08
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
sf6trendwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
sf6b20was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Creber D, Davis B, Kashani-Nejad S (2011). "Magnesium Metal Production in Canada". In Kapusta J, Mackey P, Stubina N (eds.). The Canadian Metallurgical & Materials Landscape 1960 - 2011. Canadian Institute of Metallurgy.