| Symphony No. 3 | |
|---|---|
| Sinfonia Eroica | |
| by Ludwig van Beethoven | |
&sq=Envato&lang=en&file=File:Eroica_Beethoven_title.jpg) Beethoven's title page which shows his erasure of dedication of the work to Napoleon | |
| Opus | 55 |
| Composed | 1802–1804 |
| Dedication | Napoleon Bonaparte, later retracted upon Napoleon's crowning himself Emperor |
| Performed | 7 April 1805: Vienna |
| Movements | Four |
The Symphony No. 3 in E♭ major, Op. 55, (also Italian Sinfonia Eroica, Heroic Symphony; German: Eroica, pronounced [eˈʁoːikaː] ) is a symphony in four movements by Ludwig van Beethoven.
One of Beethoven's most celebrated works, the Eroica symphony is a large-scale composition that marked the beginning of the composer's innovative "middle period".[1][2]
Composed mainly in 1803–1804, the work broke boundaries in symphonic form, length, harmony, emotional and cultural content. It is widely considered a landmark in the transition between the Classical and the Romantic era. It is also often considered to be the first Romantic symphony.[3][4] Beethoven first conducted a private performance on 9 June 1804, and later the first public performance on 7 April 1805.
- ^ The Symphony, ed. Ralph Hill, Pelican Books (1949), p. 99.
- ^ Symphony No. 6 in F Major, Op. 68 Pastorale (Schott), ed. Max Unger, p. vi.
- ^ Robin Attfield: Environmental Thought – A Short History Wiley, 2021, ISBN 978-1-509-53667-2
- ^ James Hamilton-Paterson: Beethoven's Eroica: The First Great Romantic Symphony. Basic Books; Illustrated Edition, 5 December 2017, ISBN 978-1541697362