TAAR1

TAAR1
Identifiers
AliasesTAAR1, TA1, TAR1, TRAR1, trace amine associated receptor 1, Trace amine receptor
External IDsOMIM: 609333; MGI: 2148258; HomoloGene: 24938; GeneCards: TAAR1; OMA:TAAR1 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

134864

111174

Ensembl

ENSG00000146399

ENSMUSG00000056379

UniProt

Q96RJ0

Q923Y8

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_138327

NM_053205

RefSeq (protein)

NP_612200

NP_444435

Location (UCSC)Chr 6: 132.64 – 132.66 MbChr 10: 23.8 – 23.8 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) protein that in humans is encoded by the TAAR1 gene.[5] TAAR1 is an intracellular amine-activated Gs-coupled and Gq-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is primarily expressed in several peripheral organs and cells (e.g., the stomach, small intestine, duodenum, and white blood cells), astrocytes, and in the intracellular milieu within the presynaptic plasma membrane (i.e., axon terminal) of monoamine neurons in the central nervous system (CNS).[6][7][8][9] TAAR1 was discovered in 2001 by two independent groups of investigators, Borowski et al. and Bunzow et al.[10][11] TAAR1 is one of six functional human trace amine-associated receptors, which are so named for their ability to bind endogenous amines that occur in tissues at trace concentrations.[12][13] TAAR1 plays a significant role in regulating neurotransmission in dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin neurons in the CNS;[7][12] it also affects immune system and neuroimmune system function through different mechanisms.[14][15][16][17]

TAAR1 is a high-affinity receptor for amphetamine, methamphetamine, dopamine, and trace amines which mediates some of their cellular effects in monoamine neurons within the central nervous system.[7][12]

The primary known endogenous ligands of the human TAAR1 (hTAAR1) receptor, by rank order of potency, are: tyramine > β-phenethylamine > dopamine = octopamine.[6] Tryptamine and histamine also bind to hTAAR1 with lower affinity, whereas serotonin and norepinephrine did not have detectable affinity.[10]

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000146399 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000056379 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ "Entrez Gene: TAAR1 trace amine associated receptor 1".
  6. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference TAAR1 IUPHAR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Miller+Grandy 2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference TAAR1 addiction 2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Berry hTAAR pharmacology December 2017 review was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Borowski_2001 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference Bunzow_2001 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Miller was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference Lindemann_2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference Cisneros_2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference Rogers_2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Panas_2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference Babusyte_2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).