Tajikistan

Republic of Tajikistan
Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон (Tajik)
Motto: Истиқлол, Озодӣ, Ватан (Tajik)
Istiqlol, Ozodí, Vatan
"Independence, Freedom, Homeland"
Anthem: Суруди Миллӣ (Tajik)
Surudi Milli
"National Anthem"
Location of Tajikistan (green)
Location of Tajikistan (green)
Capital
and largest city
Dushanbe
38°33′N 68°48′E / 38.550°N 68.800°E / 38.550; 68.800
Official languagesTajik (state)
Russian (interethnic)
Ethnic groups
(2020)[1]
Religion
(2020)[2]
97.5% Islam
0.7% Christianity
1.7% Irreligion
0.2% Others
Demonym(s)Tajikistani • Tajiks[3]
GovernmentUnitary presidential republic under an authoritarian dictatorship[4][5]
• President
Emomali Rahmon
Kokhir Rasulzoda
LegislatureSupreme Assembly
• Upper house
National Assembly
• Lower house
Assembly of Representatives
Formation
5 December 1929
24 August 1990
31 August 1991
9 September 1991
26 December 1991
Area
• Total
143,100[6][7][8] km2 (55,300 sq mi) (94th)
• Water
2,575 km2 (994 sq mi)
• Water (%)
1.8
Population
• 2024 estimate
Increase 10,277,100[9] (92nd)
• Density
70.6/km2 (182.9/sq mi) (155th)
GDP (PPP)2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $59.415 billion[10] (119th)
• Per capita
Increase $5,832[10] (145th)
GDP (nominal)2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $12.953 billion[10] (141st)
• Per capita
Decrease $1,276[10] (163th)
Gini (2015)34[11]
medium inequality
HDI (2022)Increase 0.679[12]
medium (126th)
CurrencySomoni (TJS)
Time zoneUTC+5 (TJT)
Date formatdd.mm.yyyy
Drives onright
Calling code+992
ISO 3166 codeTJ
Internet TLD.tj
  1. Russian has the status of an official language through its use as the official interethnic language as cited in the Constitution of Tajikistan.[13]

Tajikistan,[a] officially the Republic of Tajikistan,[b] is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Dushanbe is the capital and most populous city. Tajikistan is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. It is separated from Pakistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor. It has a population of approximately 10.6 million people.[14]

The territory was previously home to cultures of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, including the city of Sarazm,[15] and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of various faiths and cultures including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, and Islam. The area has been ruled by empires and dynasties including the Achaemenid Empire, Sasanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, and Mongol Empire. After being ruled by the Timurid Empire and Khanate of Bukhara, the Timurid Renaissance flourished. The region was later conquered by the Russian Empire, before becoming part of the Soviet Union. Within the Soviet Union, the country's borders were drawn when it was part of Uzbekistan as an autonomous republic before becoming a constituent republic of the Soviet Union on 5 December 1929.[16]

On 9 September 1991, Tajikistan declared itself an independent sovereign nation as the Soviet Union was disintegrating. A civil war was fought after independence, lasting from May 1992 to June 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. The country has been led since 1994 by Emomali Rahmon, who heads an authoritarian regime and whose human rights record has been criticised.[17][18]

Tajikistan is a presidential republic consisting of four provinces. Tajiks form the ethnic majority in the country,[19] and their national language is Tajik.[20] Russian is used as the official inter-ethnic language.[21] While the state is constitutionally secular, Islam is nominally adhered to by 97.5% of the population. In the Gorno-Badakhshan oblast, there is a linguistic diversity where Rushani, Shughni, Ishkashimi, Wakhi and Tajik are some of the languages spoken. Mountains cover more than 90% of the country. It is a developing country with a transitional economy that is dependent on remittances, and on production of aluminium and cotton. Tajikistan is a member of the United Nations, CIS, OSCE, OIC, ECO, SCO, CSTO and a NATO PfP partner.

  1. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 31 January 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ^ "Association of Religion Data Archives". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  3. ^ "Tajikistan – World Factbook". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  4. ^ "Democracy Index 2020". Economist Intelligence Unit. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  5. ^ "Tajikistan's eternal ruler Abass kunduzi– DW – 10/12/2020". dw.com. Archived from the original on 6 July 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
  6. ^ "General information". Embassy of the Republic of Tajikistan to France. 1 March 2013. Archived from the original on 29 January 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2020. Territorу – 143.1 thsd. square kilometers
  7. ^ "Demographic Yearbook – Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density" (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. p. 6. Retrieved 29 January 2020. Continent, country or area{...}Surface area Superficie (km²) 2012{...}Tajikistan – Tadjikistan{...}143 100
  8. ^ Alex Sodiqov (24 January 2011). "Tajikistan cedes disputed land to China". Eurasia Daily Monitor. 8 (16). Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 7 November 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2018. On January 12, the lower house of the Tajik parliament voted to ratify the 2002 border demarcation agreement, handing over 1,122 square kilometers (433 square miles) of mountainous land in the remote Pamir Mountains (www.asiaplus.tj, January 12). The ceded land represents about 0.8 percent of the country's total area of 143,100 square kilometers (55,250 square miles).
  9. ^ "Presidential Statistical Agency of the Republic of Tajikistan". 1 January 2024. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  10. ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Tajikistan)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  11. ^ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". databank.worldbank.org. World Bank. Archived from the original on 31 March 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  12. ^ "Human Development Report 2023/2024" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  13. ^ "КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАДЖИКИСТАН". prokuratura.tj. Parliament of Tajikistan. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  14. ^ "World Bank Open Data". World Bank Open Data. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
  15. ^ "Proto-urban Site of Sarazm". UNESCO.org. UNESCO. Archived from the original on 4 August 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
  16. ^ Bergne, Paul (2007) The Birth of Tajikistan: National Identity and the Origins of the Republic, IB Taurus & Co Ltd, pg. 39–40
  17. ^ "World Report 2019: Rights Trends in Tajikistan". Human Rights Watch. 15 January 2019. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  18. ^ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Tajikistan's eternal ruler Emomali Rakhmon | DW | 12 October 2020". DW.COM. Archived from the original on 6 July 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  19. ^ "Tajikistan Ethnic groups – Demographics". www.indexmundi.com. Archived from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  20. ^ "People of Tajikistan". Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  21. ^ "Tajik | Central Asian, Persian, Pamiri, & Iranian Language | Britannica". 18 September 2024.


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