Talk:November 23

November 23

Title page of Areopagitica

• 1644 – In opposition to licensing and censorship during the English Civil War, John Milton's Areopagitica (title page pictured) was published, arguing for the right to free expression.
• 1700 – A papal conclave, which had been deadlocked due to concerns over how a successor would respond to the impending death of Charles II of Spain, ended with the election of Clement XI.
• 1867 – The Manchester Martyrs were hanged in Manchester, England, for involvement in a scheme to free two Irish nationalists from custody in which a police officer was killed.
• 1876 – William "Boss" Tweed, a New York City politician who had been arrested for embezzlement, was handed over to US authorities after having escaped from prison and fled to Spain.
• 1963 – The first episode of Doctor Who, the world's longest-running science fiction television show, was broadcast on BBC television, starring William Hartnell as the first incarnation of the title role.