Tambralinga

Tambralinga Tāmbraliṅga
c. 2nd century CE–1277
Tambralinga at their largest extent in 1244 after the Jaffna conquest
Capital	Nakhon Si Thammarat (on the Malay Peninsula)
Common languages	Old Malay, Mon, Sanskrit, Old Khmer
Religion	Hinduism, Buddhism
Government	Monarchy
King
• 1230–1262	Chandrabhanu
• 1263–1277	Savakanmaindan
History
• First mentioned in the Mahaniddesa[1][2]: 19	c. 2nd century CE
• Tambralinga conquered Lavo[3]	927
• First mentioned in medieval Chinese sources	970
• Vassal State of the Srivijaya Empire[a][2]: 22	775–969
• Late Independent	970–1277
• Tambralinga conquered the Angkor[2]: 22–23	1003
• Cholas attacked Tambralinga[2]: 22	1025
• Tambralinga invaded Sri Lanka	1247
• Fall of Tambralinga	1277
• Refounded and became Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom	1278
Preceded by Succeeded by Srivijaya Pan Pan Nakhon Si Thammarat
Today part of	Thailand, Malaysia

Part of a series on the
History of Thailand
Timeline Prehistory Spirit Cave 9000 BCE–5500 BCE Ban Chiang 2,100 BCE–200 CE Initial states Suvarnabhumi Legendary Singhanavati 691 BCE–638 CE Raktamaritika 200 BCE–700 CE Chin Lin 9 CE – 200 CE Tun Sun 52 CE–600 CE Tambralinga 100 CE–1277 CE Langkasuka 100 CE–1500 CE Pan Pan 300 CE–700 CE Lavo 468 CE–1388 CE Dvaravati 500 CE–1200 CE Tou Yuan 600 CE – 647 CE Wen Dan 600 CE–800 CE Haripuñjaya 629 CE–1292 CE Ngoenyang 638 CE–1292 CE Srivijaya 671 CE–1025 CE Canasapura 790 CE–974 CE Ny Wang 800 CE – 1289 CE Regional kingdoms Xiān 1000 – 1438 Phayao 1094–1338 Suphannabhum 1150 – 1438 Nakhon Si Thammarat 1278–1782 Lan Na 1292–1775 Pattani 1457–1902 Singora 1605–1680 Satun 1808–1916 Reman 1810–1902 Main history Sukhothai Kingdom 1238–1438 Ayutthaya Kingdom 1351–1767 Thonburi Kingdom 1767–1782 Rattanakosin Kingdom 1782–present 1782–1932 1932–1973 1973–2001 2001–present
Topics Peopling of Thailand Constitutional Military Economic LGBT Isan Phitsanulok Bangkok
Thailand portal
v t e

Tambralinga was an Indianised kingdom located on the Malay Peninsula (in modern-day Southern Thailand), existing at least from the 2nd to 13th centuries CE.^[1][2]: 19 It possibly was under the influence of Srivijaya for some time,^[a] but later became independent from it or were generally allies rather than conqueror and vassal.^[2]: 23 The name had been forgotten until scholars recognized Tambralinga as Nakhon Si Thammarat (Nagara Sri Dharmaraja). In Sanskrit and Prakrit, tām(b)ra means "copper", "copper-coloured" or "red" and linga means "symbol" or "creation", typically representing the divine energy of Shiva.^[4][5]

Tambralinga first sent an embassy to China under the Song dynasty in 1001. In the 12th century it may or may not have been under the suzerainty of the Burmese Pagan Kingdom and a kingdom of Sri Lanka.^[6] At its height in the mid-13th century, under King Chandrabhanu, Tambralinga was independent, regrouping and consolidating its power and even invading Sri Lanka.^[7] By the end of the 13th century, Tambralinga was recorded in Siamese history as Nakhon Si Thammarat, under the suzerainty of the Tai Sukhothai Kingdom.^[8]

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).