Chemical element with atomic number 73
Chemical element with atomic number 73 (Ta)
Tantalum, 73 Ta Pronunciation (TAN -təl-əm ) Appearance gray blue
Atomic number (Z ) 73 Group group 5 Period period 6 Block d-block Electron configuration [Xe ] 4f14 5d3 6s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2 Phase at STP solid Melting point 3290 K (3017 °C, 5463 °F) Boiling point 5731 K (5458 °C, 9856 °F) Density (at 20° C) 16.678 g/cm3 [ 3] when liquid (at m.p. ) 15 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 36.57 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 753 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 25.36 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
3297
3597
3957
4395
4939
5634
Oxidation states −3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide) Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.5 Ionization energies 1st: 761 kJ/mol 2nd: 1500 kJ/mol Atomic radius empirical: 146 pm Covalent radius 170±8 pm Spectral lines of tantalumNatural occurrence primordial Crystal structure body-centered cubic (bcc)[ 3] (cI2 ) Lattice constant a = 330.29 pm (at 20 °C)[ 3] Thermal expansion 6.3 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) Thermal conductivity 57.5 W/(m⋅K) Electrical resistivity 131 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic [ 4] Molar magnetic susceptibility +154.0× 10−6 cm3 /mol (293 K)[ 5] Young's modulus 186 GPa Shear modulus 69 GPa Bulk modulus 200 GPa Speed of sound thin rod 3400 m/s (at 20 °C) Poisson ratio 0.34 Mohs hardness 6.5 Vickers hardness 870–1200 MPa Brinell hardness 440–3430 MPa CAS Number 7440-25-7 Discovery Anders Gustaf Ekeberg (1802) Recognized as a distinct element by Heinrich Rose (1844)
Category: Tantalum | references
Tantalum is a chemical element ; it has symbol Ta and atomic number 73. Previously known as tantalium ,[citation needed ] it is named after Tantalus , a figure in Greek mythology.[ 7] Tantalum is a very hard, ductile , lustrous , blue-gray transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant. It is part of the refractory metals group, which are widely used as components of strong high-melting-point alloys . It is a group 5 element , along with vanadium and niobium , and it always occurs in geologic sources together with the chemically similar niobium, mainly in the mineral groups tantalite , columbite and coltan .
The chemical inertness and very high melting point of tantalum make it valuable for laboratory and industrial equipment such as reaction vessels and vacuum furnaces . It is used in tantalum capacitors for electronic equipment such as computers .[ 8] It is being investigated for use as a material for high-quality superconducting resonators in quantum processors.[ 9] [ 10] Tantalum is considered a technology-critical element by the European Commission.[ 11]
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Tantalum" . CIAAW . 2005.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry . doi :10.1515/pac-2019-0603 . ISSN 1365-3075 .
^ a b c Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements . Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9 .
^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5 .
^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4 .
^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF) . Chinese Physics C . 45 (3): 030001. doi :10.1088/1674-1137/abddae .
^ Euripides , Orestes
^ "Tantalum (Ta) | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ®" . American Elements: The Materials Science Company . Retrieved 2024-08-23 .
^ McLellan, R.A. (2023). "Chemical profiles of the oxides on tantalum in state of the art superconducting circuits" . Advanced Science . 10 (21): e2300921. arXiv :2301.04567 . doi :10.1002/advs.202300921 . PMC 10375100 . PMID 37166044 .
^ Crowley, Kevin D.; McLellan, Russell A.; Dutta, Aveek; Shumiya, Nana; Place, Alexander P. M.; Le, Xuan Hoang; Gang, Youqi; Madhavan, Trisha; Bland, Matthew P.; Chang, Ray; Khedkar, Nishaad; Feng, Yiming Cady; Umbarkar, Esha A.; Gui, Xin; Rodgers, Lila V. H.; Jia, Yichen; Feldman, Mayer M.; Lyon, Stephen A.; Liu, Mingzhao; Cava, Robert J.; Houck, Andrew A. ; de Leon, Nathalie P. (2023-10-06). "Disentangling Losses in Tantalum Superconducting Circuits" . Physical Review X . 13 (4): 041005. arXiv :2301.07848 . Bibcode :2023PhRvX..13d1005C . doi :10.1103/PhysRevX.13.041005 .
^ "European Commission (2010). Critical Raw Materials for the EU. Report of the Ad-hoc Working Group on Defining Critical Raw Materials" . European Commission . Apr 29, 2015.