Taurids

Not to be confused with Beta Taurids.
Southern Taurids (STA)
Parent body2P/Encke
Radiant
ConstellationTaurus
Right ascension03h 35m [1]
Declination+14.4°[1]
Properties
Occurs duringSep 23 – Dec 8[1]
Date of peakNov 5
Velocity27.7[1] km/s
Zenithal hourly rate5
See also: List of meteor showers
Northern Taurids (NTA)
Parent body2004 TG10[2][3]
Radiant
ConstellationTaurus
Right ascension03h 55m [1]
Declination+22.8°[1]
Properties
Occurs duringOct 13 – Dec 2[1]
Date of peakNov 12
Velocity29 km/s
Zenithal hourly rate5[1]
See also: List of meteor showers

The Taurids are an annual meteor shower, associated with the comet Encke. The Taurids are actually two separate showers, with a Southern and a Northern component. The Southern Taurids originated from Comet Encke, while the Northern Taurids originated from the asteroid 2004 TG10, possibly a large fragment of Encke due to its similar orbital parameters.[4][5] They are named after their radiant point in the constellation Taurus, where they are seen to come from in the sky. Because of their occurrence in late October and early November, they are also called Halloween fireballs. Since 2P/Encke is such a short period comet, the meteors have the slowest impact speed of the annual well-known meteor showers.

Comet Encke and the Taurid complex are believed to be remnants of a disrupted 40-km-class comet from about 10,000 years ago,[6][7] breaking into several pieces and releasing material by normal cometary activity, mass loss via YORP spin-up, or occasionally by close encounters with the tidal force of Earth or other planets (Whipple, 1940; Klačka, 1999). In total, this meteoroid stream is the largest in the inner Solar System. Since the stream is rather spread out in space, Earth takes several weeks to pass through it, causing an extended period of meteor activity, compared with the much smaller periods of activity in other showers. The Taurids are also made up of weightier material, pebbles instead of dust grains.[8] The daytime showers are active from May to July (Beta Taurids and Zeta Perseids), while the nighttime showers are active from September to December.

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Cite error: The named reference AMS-calendar was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Meteor showers and their parent comets pg 470 by Peter Jenniskens
  3. ^ Moore, Patrick; Rees, Robin (2011), Patrick Moore's Data Book of Astronomy (2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 275, ISBN 978-0-521-89935-2
  4. ^ Beth Dalbey (24 October 2017). "Taurids Meteor Shower Fireballs: Peak Dates, What To Expect". Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Porubcan-2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Ye2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Babadzhanov2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference NASA2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).