The Soyuz programme is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft was originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon. It is the third Soviet human spaceflight programme after the Vostok (1961–1963) and Voskhod (1964–1965) programmes. It is now the responsibility of the Russian Roscosmos space agency, and between the retirement of the Space Shuttle programme in 2011 and the launch of Crew Dragon in 2020, it served as the only vehicle for human spaceflight to the International Space Station.