The
brown pelican (
Pelecanus occidentalis) is a bird of the
pelican family, the smallest of the eight recognized pelican species. It is found on the Atlantic coast of the Americas, from
New Jersey to the mouth of the
Amazon River, and along the Pacific coast from
British Columbia to northern Chile, including the Galapagos Islands. There are five recognized subspecies; the
nominate subspecies in its breeding plumage has a white head with a yellowish wash on the crown. The
nape and neck are dark maroon to brown. The brown pelican mainly feeds on fish, but occasionally eats
amphibians,
crustaceans, and the
eggs and nestlings of birds. It nests in
colonies in secluded areas, often on islands, vegetated land among sand dunes, thickets of shrubs and trees, and
mangroves. It is recognized as the national bird of Saint Martin, Barbados, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and the Turks and Caicos Islands, and the official state bird of the U.S. state of
Louisiana. This brown pelican in flight was photographed at
Bodega Bay, California.
Photograph credit: Frank Schulenburg