| The General Line | |
|---|---|
 Film poster | |
| Directed by | Grigori Aleksandrov Sergei M. Eisenstein |
| Written by | Grigori Aleksandrov Sergei M. Eisenstein |
| Starring | Martha Lapkina M. Ivanin Konstantin Vasilyev Vasili Buzenkov |
| Cinematography | Eduard Tisse |
Release date |
|
Running time | 121 minutes |
| Country | Soviet Union |
| Language | Silent film |
The General Line, also known as Old and New (Russian: Старое и новое, romanized: Staroye i novoye), is a 1929 Soviet propaganda film[1][2] directed by Sergei Eisenstein and Grigori Aleksandrov.
The General Line was begun in 1927 as a celebration of the collectivization of agriculture, as championed by old-line Bolshevik Leon Trotsky.[3][4] Hoping to reach a wide audience, the director forsook his usual practice of emphasizing groups by concentrating on a single rural heroine. Eisenstein briefly abandoned this project to film October: Ten Days That Shook the World, in honour of the 10th anniversary of the Revolution. By the time he was able to return to this film, the Party's attitudes had changed and Trotsky had fallen from grace. As a result, the film was hastily re-edited and sent out in 1929 under a new title, The Old and the New. In later years, archivists restored The General Line to an approximation of Eisenstein's original concept. Much of the director's montage-like imagery—such as using simple props to trace the progress from the agrarian customs of the 19th-century to the more mechanized procedures of the 20th—was common to both versions of the film.
- ^ Vassilieva, Julia (21 May 2002). "1929: The Old and the New (Sergei Eisenstein) – Senses of Cinema". Retrieved 4 June 2024.
- ^ Cosmonaut (15 November 2019). "Revolutionary Reels: Soviet Propaganda Film and the Russian Revolution". Cosmonaut. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
- ^ Jay Leyda (1960). Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film. George Allen & Unwin. pp. 221, 262–266.
- ^ Bryher (1929). Film Problems of Soviet Russia. Territet, Switzerland: Riant Chateau. p. 42.