Hellenic Republic | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1974–present | |||||||
| Motto: "Eleftheria i thanatos" Ελευθερία ή θάνατος "Freedom or Death" | |||||||
| Anthem: «Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν» Ýmnos eis tin Eleftherían "Hymn to Liberty" | |||||||
![Location of Third Hellenic Republic (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green) – [Legend]](view_image.php?q=Third_Hellenic_Republic&sq=Facebook&lang=en&file=File:EU-Greece.svg) Location of Third Hellenic Republic (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) | |||||||
| Capital and largest city | Athens 37°58′N 23°43′E / 37.967°N 23.717°E | ||||||
| Official language and national language | Greek | ||||||
| Religion | Eastern Orthodoxy | ||||||
| Demonym(s) | Greeks, Hellenes | ||||||
| Government | Unitary parliamentary republic | ||||||
| Katerina Sakellaropoulou | |||||||
| Kyriakos Mitsotakis | |||||||
| Konstantinos Tasoulas | |||||||
| Legislature | Hellenic Parliament | ||||||
| Establishment | |||||||
| History | |||||||
• Independence declared from the Ottoman Empire | 25 March 1821 (traditional starting date of the Greek War of Independence), 15 January 1822 (official declaration) | ||||||
| 3 February 1830 | |||||||
| 11 June 1975 | |||||||
• Established | 1974–present | ||||||
| Area | |||||||
• Total | 131,957 km2 (50,949 sq mi)[1] (95th) | ||||||
• Water (%) | 0.8669 | ||||||
| Population | |||||||
• 2017 estimate | 10,768,477 | ||||||
• 2011 census | 10,816,286[2] (80th) | ||||||
• Density | 82[3]/km2 (212.4/sq mi) (125th) | ||||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2019 estimate | ||||||
• Total | $326.700 billion[4] (57th) | ||||||
• Per capita | $30,522[4] (47th) | ||||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2019 estimate | ||||||
• Total | $224.033 billion[4] (52nd) | ||||||
• Per capita | $20,930[4] (38th) | ||||||
| Gini (2018) |  32.3[5]medium inequality (60th) | ||||||
| HDI (2019) |  0.888[6]very high (32nd) | ||||||
| Currency | Euro (€) (EUR) | ||||||
| Time zone | UTC+02:00 (Eastern European Time) | ||||||
• Summer (DST) | UTC+03:00 (Eastern European Summer Time) | ||||||
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy (AD) | ||||||
| Drives on | right | ||||||
| Calling code | +30 | ||||||
| ISO 3166 code | GR | ||||||
| Internet TLD | .gra .ελ | ||||||
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The Third Hellenic Republic (Greek: Γ΄ Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, romanized: Triti Elliniki Dimokratia) is the period in modern Greek history that stretches from 1974, with the fall of the Greek military junta and the final confirmation of the abolishment of the Greek monarchy, to the present day.
It is considered the third period of republican rule in Greece, following the First Republic during the Greek War of Independence (1821–1832) and the Second Republic during the temporary abolition of the monarchy in 1924–1935.
The term metapolitefsi (μεταπολίτευση, polity change) is commonly used for the entire period, but when used more strictly, this term refers to the early part of the period, beginning with the fall of the junta and culminating in the democratic transformation of the country. While the First and Second Hellenic Republics are not in common use except in a historiographic context, the term Third Hellenic Republic is used frequently.[7][8]
The Third Hellenic Republic has been characterised by the development of social freedoms, the European orientation of Greece and the political dominance of the parties ND and PASOK, although PASOK has declined since the 2010s, being replaced by Syriza as the largest party of the left. The period has also been characterised by corruption, deterioration of certain economic indexes, especially public debt, and nepotism, mostly in the political scene and the state offices.[9][10][11]
- ^ "Country Comparison: Area". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on October 25, 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
- ^ Απογραφή Πληθυσμού – Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός [Results of Population-Housing Census 2011 concerning the permanent population of the country] (PDF) (in Greek). 20 March 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
- ^ "Announcement of the results of the 2011 Population Census for the Resident Population" (PDF). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 28 December 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". IMF. 20 October 2018.
- ^ "INCOME INEQUALITY 2018 Survey on Income and Living Conditions (Income reference period 2017)". Piraeus: Hellenic Statistical Authority. 21 June 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
- ^ "Table 2. Human Development Index Trends, 1990-2017". Human Development Reports. New York: United Nations Development Programme. 14 September 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ^ Ιορδάνογλου, Χρυσάφης Ι. (2002). Γερνώντας μαζί με την τρίτη ελληνική δημοκρατία. Εκδόσεις Παρατηρητής. ISBN 960-374-232-5.
- ^ Μαυρογένης, Γιώργος (2008). Πολιτική Επικοινωνία & ΜΜΕ (Κεφάλαιο 17: Πολιτική Επικοινωνία στην Τρίτη Ελληνική Δημοκρατία). Εκδόσεις Σταμούλη. ISBN 9789603517566.
- ^ "H ποιότητα στην Γ΄ Ελληνική Δημοκρατία". kathimerini.gr. 15 August 2004. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
- ^ "Η Μεταπολίτευση, μία σύντομη αποτίμηση". kathimerini.gr. 20 July 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
- ^ "Τρίτη Ελληνική Δημοκρατία. Του Γ. Ρωμαίου". tvxs.gr. Retrieved 29 January 2015.