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Thought reform in China (Chinese: 思想改造; pinyin: sīxiǎng gǎizào), also known as ideological remolding or ideological reform, was a campaign of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to reform the thinking of Chinese citizens into accepting Marxism–Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought (Maoism) from 1951 to 1952.[1] Techniques employed included indoctrination, "struggle sessions", propaganda, criticism and self-criticism, and a variety of other techniques.[2]
- ^ Lifton, Robert Jay (1953). Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism: A Study of "Brainwashing" in China. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-8288-7. OCLC 769189698.
- ^ Williams, Philip F.; Wu, Yenna (2004). The Great Wall of Confinement: The Chinese Prison Camp through Contemporary Fiction and Reportage (1 ed.). University of California Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-520-22779-8. JSTOR 10.1525/j.ctt1pnrnr.