Thromboxane A2

Thromboxane A2
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
KEGG
MeSH Thromboxane+A2
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C20H32O5/c1-2-3-6-9-15(21)12-13-17-16(18-14-20(24-17)25-18)10-7-4-5-8-11-19(22)23/h4,7,12-13,15-18,20-21H,2-3,5-6,8-11,14H2,1H3,(H,22,23)/b7-4-,13-12+/t15-,16+,17+,18-,20+/m0/s1 ☒N
    Key: DSNBHJFQCNUKMA-SCKDECHMSA-N ☒N
  • CCCCC[C@@H](/C=C/[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]2C[C@@H](O2)O1)C/C=C\CCCC(=O)O)O
Properties
C20H32O5
Molar mass 352.471 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a type of thromboxane that is produced by activated platelets during hemostasis and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation. This is achieved by activating the thromboxane receptor, which results in platelet-shape change, inside-out activation of integrins, and degranulation.[1] Circulating fibrinogen binds these receptors on adjacent platelets, further strengthening the clot. TXA2 is also a known vasoconstrictor[2][3][4][5] and is especially important during tissue injury and inflammation. It is also regarded as responsible for Prinzmetal's angina.

Receptors that mediate TXA2 actions are thromboxane A2 receptors. The human TXA2 receptor (TP) is a typical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with seven transmembrane segments. In humans, two TP receptor splice variants – TPα and TPβ – have so far been cloned.

  1. ^ Offermanns S (2006-12-08). "Activation of Platelet Function Through G Protein–Coupled Receptors". Circulation Research. 99 (12): 1293–1304. doi:10.1161/01.res.0000251742.71301.16. ISSN 0009-7330. PMID 17158345.
  2. ^ Ding X, Murray PA (November 2005). "Cellular mechanisms of thromboxane A2-mediated contraction in pulmonary veins". American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 289 (5): L825–833. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00177.2005. ISSN 1040-0605. PMID 15964897. S2CID 3171857.
  3. ^ Yamamoto K, Ebina S, Nakanishi H, Nakahata N (November 1995). "Thromboxane A2 receptor-mediated signal transduction in rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells". General Pharmacology. 26 (7): 1489–1498. doi:10.1016/0306-3623(95)00025-9. ISSN 0306-3623. PMID 8690235.
  4. ^ Smyth EM (2010-04-01). "Thromboxane and the thromboxane receptor in cardiovascular disease". Clinical Lipidology. 5 (2): 209–219. doi:10.2217/CLP.10.11. ISSN 1758-4299. PMC 2882156. PMID 20543887.
  5. ^ Winn R, Harlan J, Nadir B, Harker L, Hildebrandt J (September 1983). "Thromboxane A2 mediates lung vasoconstriction but not permeability after endotoxin". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 72 (3): 911–918. doi:10.1172/jci111062. ISSN 0021-9738. PMC 1129256. PMID 6886010.