Thyroglobulin

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TG
Identifiers
Aliases	TG, AITD3, TGN, thyroglobulin
External IDs	OMIM: 188450; MGI: 98733; HomoloGene: 2430; GeneCards: TG; OMA:TG - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 8 (human)[1] Band 8q24.22 Start 132,866,958 bp[1] End 133,134,903 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 15 (mouse)[2] Band 15 D2|15 29.3 cM Start 66,542,602 bp[2] End 66,722,570 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in left lobe of thyroid gland right lobe of thyroid gland apex of heart skin of leg skin of abdomen right adrenal cortex amygdala testicle right lobe of liver left ventricle Top expressed in trachea thyroid gland lobe of thyroid gland tail of embryo embryo blood spermatocyte granulocyte endocardial cushion atrium More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function hormone activity Cellular component extracellular region extracellular space Biological process thyroid hormone metabolic process thyroid gland development regulation of myelination iodide transport signal transduction hormone biosynthetic process regulation of signaling receptor activity Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 7038 21819 Ensembl ENSG00000042832 ENSMUSG00000053469 UniProt P01266 O08710 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003235 NM_009375 RefSeq (protein) NP_003226 NP_033401 Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 132.87 – 133.13 Mb Chr 15: 66.54 – 66.72 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a 660 kDa, dimeric glycoprotein produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid and used entirely within the thyroid gland. Tg is secreted and accumulated at hundreds of grams per litre in the extracellular compartment of the thyroid follicles, accounting for approximately half of the protein content of the thyroid gland.^[5] Human TG (hTG) is a homodimer of subunits each containing 2768 amino acids as synthesized (a short signal peptide of 19 amino acids may be removed from the N-terminus in the mature protein).^[6]

Thyroglobulin is in all vertebrates the main precursor to thyroid hormones, which are produced when thyroglobulin's tyrosine residues are combined with iodine and the protein is subsequently cleaved. Each thyroglobulin molecule contains approximately 16 tyrosine residues, but only a small number 10 of these are subject to iodination by thyroperoxidase in the follicular colloid. It takes two iodinated tyrosines to make a thyroid hormone molecule; therefore, each Tg molecule forms approximately 5 thyroid hormone molecules.^[5]