Tobacco harm reduction

Tobacco harm reduction (THR) is a public health strategy to lower the health risks to individuals and wider society associated with using tobacco products. It is an example of the concept of harm reduction, a strategy for dealing with the use of drugs. Tobacco smoking is widely acknowledged as a leading cause of illness and death,[1] and reducing smoking is vital to public health.[2][3][4][5][6][7]

Tobacco use if not stopped can be the cause of death in 50% of its users, according to the 2021 WHO Report.[7] Tobacco smoking carries serious health risks,[8] including increased risk of developing various types and subtypes of cancers, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, periodontal diseases, teeth decay and loss, and malignant diseases.[2][3][4][5][6][7]

  1. ^ Nitzkin, J. (June 2014). "The Case in Favor of E-Cigarettes for Tobacco Harm Reduction". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 11 (6). MDPI: 6459–71. doi:10.3390/ijerph110606459. PMC 4078589. PMID 25003176. S2CID 19155518. A carefully structured Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR) initiative, with e-cigarettes as a prominent THR modality, added to current tobacco control programming, is the most feasible policy option likely to substantially reduce tobacco-attributable illness and death in the United States over the next 20 years.
  2. ^ a b Rodu B, Plurphanswat N (January 2021). "Mortality among male cigar and cigarette smokers in the USA". Harm Reduction Journal. 18 (7). BioMed Central: 7. doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00446-4. ISSN 1477-7517. LCCN 2004243422. PMC 7789747. PMID 33413424. S2CID 230800394.
  3. ^ a b Chang CM, Corey CG, Rostron BL, Apelberg BJ (April 2015). "Systematic review of cigar smoking and all-cause and smoking-related mortality" (PDF). BMC Public Health. 15 (390). BioMed Central: 390. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1617-5. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 4408600. PMID 25907101. S2CID 16482278. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  4. ^ a b Nonnemaker J, Rostron BL, Hall P, MacMonegle A, Apelberg BJ (September 2014). Morabia A (ed.). "Mortality and Economic Costs From Regular Cigar Use in the United States, 2010". American Journal of Public Health. 104 (9). American Public Health Association: e86–e91. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301991. eISSN 1541-0048. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 4151956. PMID 25033140. S2CID 207276270.
  5. ^ a b Laniado-Laborín R (January 2009). "Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Parallel Epidemics of the 21st Century". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 6 (1: Smoking and Tobacco Control). MDPI: 209–224. doi:10.3390/ijerph6010209. PMC 2672326. PMID 19440278. S2CID 19615031.
  6. ^ a b Albandar JM, Adensaya MR, Streckfus CF, Winn DM (December 2000). "Cigar, Pipe, and Cigarette Smoking as Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease and Tooth Loss". Journal of Periodontology. 71 (12). American Academy of Periodontology: 1874–1881. doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.12.1874. PMID 11156044. S2CID 11598500.
  7. ^ a b c "Health topics: Tobacco". www.who.int. World Health Organization. 2021. Archived from the original on 13 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  8. ^ Sterling KL, Franco N, Lee E, Tang C, Geller A, Anderson M, Kong G (July 2023). Munafò M (ed.). "The Portrayal of Premium Cigar Selling Propositions in Lifestyle Magazines: A Content Analysis". Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 28 (25: Supplement 1). Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco: S69–S75. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntad005. ISSN 1469-994X. LCCN 00244999. PMC 10380182. PMID 37506232. S2CID 260285959.