Toltec Empire

Toltec Empire
Altepetl Tollan[1]
674 (disputed)[2][obsolete source]–1122 (disputed)
Location of Toltec Empire
Statusdisputed
CapitalTollan-Xicocotitlan
Common languagesNahuatl, Mixtec, Totonac, Otomi, Pame, others
Religion
Toltec religion
GovernmentMonarchy
Tlatoani (see List of rulers) 
• c. 6th-8th century
Chalchiuhtlanetzin or Mixcoamatzatzin (first)
• c. 10th-11th century
Topiltzin, Tecpancaltzin or Huemac (last)
Historical eraClassic/Post Classic
• Toltecs arrive at Mam-he-mi, and rename it Tollan
674 (disputed)[2][obsolete source]
• Topiltzin Ce Acatl Quetzalcoatl goes into exile and leaves for Tlapallan
947 (disputed)
• Abandonment of Tollan-Xicocotitlan
1122 (disputed)
Population
• 1000
4.5 million[3]
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Teotihuacan
Calakmul
Mezcala culture
Otomí people
Chupícuaro
League of Mayapan
Yopitzinco
Totonacapan
Azcapotzalco
Acolhua
Ecatepec
Chalco (altépetl)
  1. The status of the Toltecs as an empire has been disputed
  2. Whether the Tollan dominated or even directly influenced the Yucatan area has also been disputed

The Toltec Empire,[4] Toltec Kingdom[5] or Altepetl Tollan[1] was a political entity in pre-Hispanic Mexico. It existed through the classic and post-classic periods of Mesoamerican chronology, but gained most of its power in the post-classic. During this time its sphere of influence reached as far away as the Yucatan Peninsula.

The capital city of this empire was Tollan-Xicocotitlan,[6] while other important cities included Tulancingo[7] and Huapalcalco.

  1. ^ a b Ce-Acatl: Revista de la cultura Anáhuac (1991)
  2. ^ Chavero, A. (Ed.) (1892) Obras Históricas
  3. ^ Maddison 2018.
  4. ^ Palerm, A. (1997) Introducción a la teoría etnológica. Universidad Iberoamericana [1]
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference duran was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cobean, R.H., Jimenez, G.E. & Mastache, A.G. (2016) Tula. Fondo de Cultura Economica [2]
  7. ^ Tulancingo de Bravo. Enciclopedia de los Municipios y Delegaciones de México. [3]