Tombs at Xanthos

The tomb of Payava, a Lykian aristocrat, about 375–360 BCE, from Xanthos, British Museum.
Reconstruction drawing of the tomb by Viollet-le-Duc, with complete base.

Xanthos, also called Xanthus, was a chief city state of the Lycians, an indigenous people of southwestern Anatolia (present-day Turkey).[1] Many of the tombs at Xanthos are pillar tombs, formed of a stone burial chamber on top of a large stone pillar. The body would be placed in the top of the stone structure, elevating it above the landscape. The tombs are for men who ruled in a Lycian dynasty from the mid-6th century to the mid-4th century BCE and help to show the continuity of their power in the region.[2] Not only do the tombs serve as a form of monumentalization to preserve the memory of the rulers, but they also reveal the adoption of Greek style of decoration.

Xanthos was chief city state governed by a king, who was under an Achaemenid Empire governor. The continuity of the dynastic rule in Xanthos was shown through a tradition of building pillar tombs.[1] When these tombs were made, predominant Late Classical Greek ideas of art pervaded Lycian imagery.[1] The tombs moved away from the local tradition and started to display the facades of pillared Greek Temples following the resurgence of Greek influence in the erea, from the 2nd quarter of the 4th century BCE (375–350 BCE).[3]

Several tombs were excavated by Sir Charles Fellows, an Englishman who excavated in the Levant and Asia Minor,[4] and were transported to the British Museum in 1848 CE.[5]

  1. ^ a b c Neer, Richard (2012). Greek Art and Archaeology. New York, New York: Thames & Hudson. p. 341. ISBN 978-0500288771.
  2. ^ Keen, Anthony (1992). "The Dynastic Tombs of Xanthos: Who Was Buried Where?". Anatolian Studies. 42: 53–63. doi:10.2307/3642950. JSTOR 3642950.
  3. ^ Borza, Eugene N. (1992). In the Shadow of Olympus: The Emergence of Macedon. Princeton University Press. p. 273. ISBN 978-0691008806.
  4. ^ "Sir Charles Fellows (Biographical Details)". The British Museum.
  5. ^ "burial-chest". The British Museum.