Treaty of Oliva

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Treaty of Oliva

Treaty of Oliwa, first page of the document
Type	Peace treaty
Drafted	1659–1660
Signed	3 May [O.S. 23 April] 1660
Location	Oliva, Poland
Parties	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Swedish Empire Brandenburg-Prussia Holy Roman Empire

The Treaty or Peace of Oliva (Polish: Pokój Oliwski; Swedish: Freden i Oliva; German: Vertrag von Oliva) was one of the peace treaties ending the Second Northern War (1655–1660).^[1] It was signed on 3 May [O.S. 23 April] 1660.^[2] The Treaty of Oliva, the Treaty of Copenhagen in the same year, and the Treaty of Cardis in the following year marked the high point of the Swedish Empire.^[3][4]

At Oliwa (Oliva), Poland, peace was made between Sweden, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Habsburgs and Brandenburg-Prussia. Sweden was accepted as sovereign in Swedish Livonia, Brandenburg was accepted as sovereign in Ducal Prussia and John II Casimir Vasa withdrew his claims to the Swedish throne but was to retain the title of a hereditary Swedish king for life.^[1] All occupied territories were restored to their prewar sovereigns.^[1] Catholics in Livonia and Prussia were granted religious freedom.^[2][1][5][6]

The signatories were the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, Elector Frederick William I of Brandenburg and King John II Casimir Vasa of Poland. Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie, the head of the Swedish delegation and the minor regency, signed on behalf of his nephew, King Charles XI of Sweden, who was still a minor.^[7]