Treaty of Rouen (991)

This article is about the 991 treaty between Ethelred the Unready and Richard I, Duke of Normandy. For the 1517 treaty between France and Scotland, see Treaty of Rouen (1517).
Manuscript image of Richard I, Duke of Normandy.
Portrait of Æthelred II, king of the West Saxons

The Treaty of Rouen was an agreement made between Æthelred II, king of the English and Richard I, Duke of Normandy. The treaty comes down to us in the form of a letter, written in the name of Pope John XV.[1] The agreement between the two rulers was completed on 1 March 991 and is understood to be one of the earliest arbitration treaties in European history.[1]

  1. ^ a b Benham, Jenny (2020). "The earliest arbitration treaty? A reassessment of the Anglo-Norman treaty of 991" (PDF). Historical Research. 93 (260): 189–204. doi:10.1093/hisres/htaa001.