Trichodysplasia spinulosa

Not to be confused with Trichostasis spinulosa.
Trichodysplasia spinulosa
Other namesViral-associated trichodysplasia spinulosa
The nose of a patient diagnosed with trichodysplasia spinulosa. Left panel shows characteristic findings of facial papules, protrusive keratotic spicules, and thickened skin; right panel shows appearance following treatment with topical cidofovir.[1]
SpecialtyInfectious disease, dermatology

Trichodysplasia spinulosa (also known by many other names, including viral-associated trichodysplasia spinulosa, viral-associated trichodysplasia, pilomatrix dysplasia and ciclosporin-induced folliculodystrophy, although the last is a misnomer) is a rare cutaneous condition that has been described almost exclusively in immunocompromised patients, usually organ transplant recipients, on regimens of immunosuppressive drugs.[2][3] As of early 2016, a total of 32 cases had been reported in the medical literature.[2] Despite its rarity, TS is believed to be underdiagnosed, and the growing population of patients on immunosuppressive drug regimens suggests its incidence may rise.[2][3] TS has been described as an emerging infectious disease.[4]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference meijden_2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c Wu, J.H.; Nguyen, H.P.; Rady, P.L.; Tyring, S.K. (March 2016). "Molecular insight into the viral biology and clinical features of trichodysplasia spinulosa". British Journal of Dermatology. 174 (3): 490–498. doi:10.1111/bjd.14239. PMID 26479880. S2CID 26367357.
  3. ^ a b Kazem, Siamaque; van der Meijden, Els; Feltkamp, Mariet C. W. (August 2013). "The trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus: virological background and clinical implications". APMIS. 121 (8): 770–782. doi:10.1111/apm.12092. PMID 23593936. S2CID 13734654.
  4. ^ Nawas, Zeena Y.; Tong, Yun; Kollipara, Ramya; Peranteau, Andrew J.; Woc-Colburn, Laila; Yan, Albert C.; Lupi, Omar; Tyring, Stephen K. (July 2016). "Emerging infectious diseases with cutaneous manifestations". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 75 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2016.04.033. PMID 27317512.