Tug (banner)

For the administrative sudivision known as a banner, see Banners of Inner Mongolia.
A banner flown in Sükhbaatar Square, Ulaanbaatar
Ottoman Hungarian tughs captured by Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria in 1556[1]
A 19th century Ottoman tugh

A tug (Mongolian: туг [tʰʊɡ], Turkish: tuğ, Ottoman Turkish: طوغ ṭuġ or توغ tuġ, Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐰍, romanized: tuğ) or sulde (Mongolian: сүлд, Tibetan: བ་དན) is a pole with circularly arranged horse or yak tail hairs of varying colors arranged at the top. It was historically flown by Turkic tribes such as Tuğluğ Confederation[2] and also during the period of the Mongol Empire, and later used in derived Turco-Mongol khanates. It was also used by the Ottoman Empire, a state which was founded by Turkic Oghuz tribes.[3] In the 17th century, it was also adopted by Slavic cavalry (cossacks, haidamaka), under the name bunchuk (Ukrainian: бунчук, Polish: buńczuk) which is the reflection of the original Turkic word boncuk. It is still used by some units of the Polish military.[4]

  1. ^ Boeheim (1890), pp. 510, 511
  2. ^ Kenzheakhmet, Nurlan. Ethnonyms and Toponyms of the Old Turkic Inscriptions in Chinese sources. Studia et Documenta Turcologica. pp. 302–304.
  3. ^ Довідник з історії України. За ред. І. Підкови та Р. Шуста. — Київ: Генеза, 1993.
  4. ^ Бунчук // Энциклопедический словарь Ф.А. Брокгауза и И.А. Ефрона