Turin
Torino (Italian) | |
|---|---|
| Città di Torino | |
 Flag _heraldic_(2023).svg) Coat of arms | |
| Nickname(s): | |
| Motto(s): | |
 | |
Location of Turin  | |
  Turin Location of Turin in Piedmont  Turin Turin (Piedmont) | |
| Coordinates: 45°04′45″N 07°40′34″E / 45.07917°N 7.67611°E | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Piedmont |
| Metropolitan city | Metropolitan City of Turin (TO) |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Stefano Lo Russo (PD) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 130.17 km2 (50.26 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 239 m (784 ft) |
| Population (30 June 2024)[2] | |
| • Total | 847,622 |
| • Density | 6,500/km2 (17,000/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Turinese(s) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 10121-10156 |
| Dialing code | 0039 011 |
| ISTAT code | 001272 |
| Patron saint | John the Baptist |
| Saint day | 24 June |
| Website | Official website |
| Official name | Residences of the Royal House of Savoy |
| Includes | several locations in Turin |
| Criteria | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv)(v) |
| Reference | 823bis |
| Inscription | 1997 (21st Session) |
| Extensions | 2010 |
Turin (/tjʊəˈrɪn, ˈtjʊərɪn/ ture-IN, TURE-in,[3] Piedmontese: [tyˈriŋ] ; Italian: Torino [toˈriːno] ; Latin: Augusta Taurinorum, then Taurinum) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The city is mainly on the western bank of the Po River, below its Susa Valley, and is surrounded by the western Alpine arch and Superga hill. The population of the city proper is 847,622 (30 June 2024),[4] while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants. The Turin metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 2.2 million.[5]
The city was historically a major European political centre. From 1563, it was the capital of the Duchy of Savoy, then of the Kingdom of Sardinia ruled by the House of Savoy, and the first capital of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1865.[6][7] Turin is sometimes called "the cradle of Italian liberty" for having been the political and intellectual centre of the Risorgimento that led to the unification of Italy,[8] as well as the birthplace of notable individuals who contributed to it, such as Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour.[9] Although much of its political influence had been lost by World War II, having been a centre of anti-fascist movements during the Ventennio fascista including the Italian resistance movement, Turin became a major European crossroad for industry, commerce and trade, and is part of the industrial triangle along with Milan and Genoa. It is ranked third in Italy, after Milan and Rome, for economic strength.[10]
As of 2018, the city has been ranked by GaWC as a Gamma-level global city.[11] Turin is also home to much of the Italian automotive industry, hosting the headquarters of Fiat, Lancia, and Alfa Romeo.[8]
The city has a rich culture and history, and it is known for its numerous art galleries, restaurants, churches, palaces, opera houses, piazzas, parks, gardens, theatres, libraries, museums and other venues. Turin is well known for its Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassical, and Art Nouveau architecture. Many of Turin's public squares, castles, gardens, and elegant palazzi, such as the Palazzo Madama, were built between the 16th and 18th centuries. A part of the historical centre of Turin was inscribed in the World Heritage List under the name Residences of the Royal House of Savoy.
In addition, the city is home to museums, such as the Museo Egizio,[12] and the Mole Antonelliana, the city's architectural symbol, which in turn hosts the National Museum of Cinema. Turin's attractions make it one of the world's top 250 tourist destinations and the tenth most visited city in Italy in 2008.
The city also hosts some of Italy's best universities, colleges, academies, lycea, and gymnasia, such as the University of Turin, founded in the 15th century, and the Turin Polytechnic.[13] Turin is also worldwide famous for icons like the Shroud of Turin, the gianduja, the automobile brand Fiat, and the association football club Juventus, which competes with its rival Torino in the Derby della Mole, the city's derby.[14] The city, among other events, was one of the host cities of the 1934 and 1990 FIFA World Cups, along with hosting the 2006 Winter Olympics;[15] Turin hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 and is hosting the tennis ATP Finals from 2021 until 2025.[16]
- ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ 'City' population (i.e. that of the comune or municipality) from [www.demo.istat.it/bilmens2012gen/index.html], ISTAT.
- ^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-40588118-0.
- ^ "Statistiche demografiche ISTAT". www.demo.istat.it. Archived from the original on 19 October 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
- ^ OECD. "Competitive Cities in the Global Economy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2008. Retrieved 30 April 2009.
- ^ "The city's history". Turismo e promozione. Città di Torino. Archived from the original on 18 August 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2007.
- ^ "Turin – Culture & History". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 26 December 2009. [dead link]
- ^ a b Amy Tikkanen, Turin at the Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ "Cavour, Count Camillo Benso di (1810–1861)". Ohio.edu. 22 April 1998. Archived from the original on 9 June 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
- ^ CENSIS
- ^ "The World According to GaWC 2020". GaWC – Research Network. Globalization and World Cities. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
- ^ "ITALIA – Egyptian Museum of Turin". Italiantourism.com. Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
- ^ "Euromonitor Internationals Top City Destinations Ranking Euromonitor archive". Euromonitor.com. 12 December 2008. Archived from the original on 11 January 2010. Retrieved 3 February 2010.
- ^ Bonetto, Cristian; Garwood, Duncan; Hardy, Paula; et al. (2016). "Turin". In Lonely Planet Publishing Co. (ed.). Grand Tour of Italy. Road Trips. London. ISBN 978-1-76034-157-2.
There's a whiff of Paris in Turin's elegant tree-lined boulevards and echoes of Vienna in its stately art nouveau cafes, but make no mistake – this elegant, Alp-fringed city is utterly self-possessed. The innovative Torinese gave the world its first saleable hard chocolate, perpetuated one of its greatest mysteries (the Holy Shroud), popularised a best-selling car (the Fiat) and inspired the black-and-white stripes of one of the planet's most iconic football teams (Juventus).
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Zamagni, Vera (28 October 1993). The Economic History of Italy 1860... – Google Books. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-829289-0. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
- ^ "Turin, Italy, to host the 66th Eurovision Song Contest in May 2022". Eurovision.tv. 8 October 2021. Archived from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2021.