Tyrannosauridae

Tyrannosaurids Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 81.9–66 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N (possible Cenomanian occurrence of Labocania)
Montage of six tyrannosaurids, clockwise from top left: Tyrannosaurus, Daspletosaurus, Tarbosaurus, Gorgosaurus, Zhuchengtyrannus, and Alioramus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Clade:	Theropoda
Superfamily:	†Tyrannosauroidea
Clade:	†Pantyrannosauria
Clade:	†Eutyrannosauria
Family:	†Tyrannosauridae Osborn, 1906
Type genus
†Tyrannosaurus Osborn, 1905
Subgroups[1]
†Aublysodon †Deinodon †Raptorex †Albertosaurinae †Tyrannosaurinae
Synonyms
Deinodontidae Cope, 1866 Aublysodontidae Nopcsa, 1928 Shanshanosauridae Dong, 1977

Tyrannosauridae (or tyrannosaurids, meaning "tyrant lizards") is a family of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that comprises two subfamilies containing up to fifteen genera, including the eponymous Tyrannosaurus. The exact number of genera is controversial, with some experts recognizing as few as three. All of these animals lived near the end of the Cretaceous Period and their fossils have been found only in North America and Asia.

Although descended from smaller ancestors, tyrannosaurids were almost always the largest predators in their respective ecosystems, putting them at the apex of the food chain. The largest species was Tyrannosaurus rex, the most massive known terrestrial predator, which measured over 13 metres (43 ft) in length^[2] and according to most modern estimates up to 8.87 metric tons (9.78 short tons) in weight.^[3][4] Tyrannosaurids were bipedal carnivores with massive skulls filled with large teeth. Despite their large size, their legs were long and proportioned for fast movement. In contrast, their arms were very small, bearing only two functional digits.

Unlike most other groups of dinosaurs, very complete remains have been discovered for most known tyrannosaurids. This has allowed a variety of research into their biology. Scientific studies have focused on their ontogeny, biomechanics and ecology, among other subjects.