Tyzzer's disease

Tyzzer's disease is an acute epizootic bacterial disease found in rodents, rabbits, dogs, cats, birds, pandas, deer, foals, cattle, and other mammals including gerbils[1] and spinifex hopping-mice (Notomys alexis).[2] It is caused by the spore-forming bacterium Clostridium piliforme, formerly known as Bacillus piliformis.[3] It is an infectious disease characterized by necrotic lesions on the liver, is usually fatal, and is present worldwide.[1] Animals with the disease become infected through oral ingestion of the bacterial spores and usually die within a matter of days.[4] Animals most commonly affected include young, stressed animals in laboratory environments, such as immature rodents and rabbits.[1] Most commonly affected wild animals include muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) and occasionally cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.).[5] Even today, much remains unknown about Tyzzer's disease, including how and why it occurs.[6]

  1. ^ a b c Pritt, S., K. S. Henderson, and W. R. Shek. 2010. Evaluation of available diagnostic methods for Clostridium piliforme in laboratory rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Laboratory Animals 44:14-19.
  2. ^ Stannard HJ, Tulk ML, Old JM 2017. Dead mouse hopping: Tyzzer’s disease in spinifex hopping-mice (Notomys alexis). Veterinary Microbiology. 201, 201-207. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.018
  3. ^ Hansen, A. K., Andersen H. V. and S. O. 1994. Studies on the diagnosis of Tyzzer’s disease in laboratory rat colonies with antibodies against Bacillus piliformis (Clostridium piliforme). Laboratory Animal Science 44:424-429.
  4. ^ Furukawa, T., K. Furumoto, M. Fujieda, and E. Okada. 2002. Detection by PCR of the Tyzzer’s Disease Organism (Clostridium piliforme) in Feces. Experimental Animals 51:513-516.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference dnr was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Wobeser, G. A. 2006. Essentials of disease in wild animals. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.