&sq=Envato&lang=en&file=File:USS_Texas2.jpg) USS Texas, photochrom print c. 1898
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| History | |
|---|---|
 United States | |
| Name | Texas |
| Namesake | Texas |
| Ordered | 3 August 1886 |
| Builder | Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, Virginia |
| Laid down | 1 June 1889 |
| Launched | 28 June 1892 |
| Commissioned | 15 August 1895 |
| Decommissioned | 11 February 1911 |
| Renamed | San Marcos, 15 February 1911 |
| Stricken | 10 October 1911 |
| Nickname(s) | Old Hoodoo |
| Fate | Sunk as gunnery target, 21–22 March 1911 |
| Class overview | |
| Succeeded by | Indiana class |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Pre-dreadnought battleship |
| Displacement | 6,316 long tons (6,417 t) (full load) (1896) |
| Length | 308 ft 10 in (94.1 m) |
| Beam | 64 ft 1 in (19.5 m) |
| Draft | 24 ft 6 in (7.5 m) |
| Installed power | |
| Propulsion |
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| Speed | 17.8 knots (33.0 km/h; 20.5 mph) |
| Complement | 392 officers and men (1896) |
| Armament |
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| Armor | |
USS Texas was a pre-dreadnought battleship built by the United States in the early 1890s. The first American battleship commissioned,[1] she was built in reaction to the acquisition of modern armored warships by several South American countries, and meant to incorporate the latest developments in naval tactics and design. This includes the mounting of her main armament en echelon to allow maximum end-on fire and a heavily-armored citadel amidships to ensure defensive strength. However, due to the state of U.S. industry at the time, Texas's building time was lengthy, and by the time she was commissioned, she was already out of date. Nevertheless, she and the armored cruiser USS Maine were considered advancements in American naval design.
Texas developed a reputation as a jinxed or unlucky ship after several accidents early in her career; she consequently earned the nickname "Old Hoodoo".[1] These mishaps included problems during construction, a grounding off Newport, Rhode Island, and flooding shortly afterwards while at dock in New York City. In the last, she settled to the bottom with her gun deck awash and several crew members drowned. She also received significant damage to her hull in drydock after being raised. Her reputation improved with her service in the Spanish–American War,[2] when she blockaded the coast of Cuba and fought in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba.
After the war, Texas returned to peacetime duty, interrupted by several refits. She became the station ship in Charleston, South Carolina, by 1908 and was renamed San Marcos in 1911 to allow her name to be used by USS Texas, a new battleship. She became a target ship that same year and was sunk in shallow water in Chesapeake Bay. She was used as a gunnery target throughout World War II and was partially demolished in 1959 because her remains were considered a navigational hazard.
- ^ a b Reilly & Scheina 1980, p. 35.
- ^ Allen 1993, p. 244.