Umber

For other uses, see Umber (disambiguation).
Umber
 
About these coordinates     Color coordinates
Hex triplet#635147
sRGBB (r, g, b)(99, 81, 71)
HSV (h, s, v)(21°, 28%, 39%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)(36, 15, 39°)
SourceColorHexa[1]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
Jules Bastien-Lepage, Pas Meche, 1882. An example of the shadows created by using umber in a painting.[2]

Umber is a natural earth pigment consisting of iron oxide and manganese oxide; it has a brownish color that can vary among shades of yellow, red, and green.[3]: 39  Umber is considered one of the oldest pigments known to humans, first seen in Ajanta Caves in 200 BC – 600 AD.[4]: 378  Umber's advantages are its highly versatile color, warm tone, and quick drying abilities.[5]: 148–49  While some sources indicate that umber's name comes from its geographic origin in Umbria, other scholars suggest that it derives from the Latin word umbra, which means "shadow".[6]: 250  The belief that its name derives from the word for shadow is fitting, as the color helps create shadows.[6]: 250  The color is primarily produced in Cyprus.[6]: 250  Umber is typically mined from open pits or underground mines and ground into a fine powder that is washed to remove impurities.[7] In the 20th century, the rise of synthetic dyes decreased the demand for natural pigments such as umber.[citation needed]

  1. ^ "Umber / #635147 hex color". ColorHexa. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
  2. ^ Lesso, Rosie (2020-05-12). "The Mysterious Shadows of Umber – the thread". Retrieved 2023-04-16.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Helwig-2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Eastaugh, Nicholas; Walsh, Valentine; Chaplin, Tracey; Siddall, Ruth (2007-03-30). Pigment Compendium: A Dictionary of Historical Pigments. doi:10.4324/9780080473765. ISBN 9781136373862.
  5. ^ Harley, R. D. (Rosamond Drusilla) (2001). Artists' pigments c.1600–1835 : a study in English documentary sources. Internet Archive. London : Archetype Publications. ISBN 978-1-873132-91-3.
  6. ^ a b c Clair, Kassia St (2017-10-24). The Secret Lives of Color. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-5247-0494-0.
  7. ^ "Pigments through the Ages – Overview – Umber". www.webexhibits.org. Retrieved 2023-04-15.