Union violence

Union violence refers to violence committed by unions or union members to achieve political objectives, particularly during labor disputes. When union violence has occurred, it has frequently been in the context of industrial unrest.[1] Violence has ranged from isolated acts by individuals to wider campaigns of organized violence aimed at furthering union goals within an industrial dispute.[2][3][4]

Anti-union violence has also occurred frequently in the context of industrial unrest, and has often involved the collusion of management and government authorities, private agencies, or citizens' groups in organising violence against unions and their members.[5][6][7][8][9]

  1. ^ Philip Taft; Philip Ross (June 1969). "American Labor Violence: Its Causes, Character, and Outcome". In Hugh Davis Graham; Ted Robert Gurr (eds.). The History of Violence in America: A Report to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. New York, USA: Bantam. p. 221.
  2. ^ The Wall Street Journal. November 2, 1990. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ^ Michael Gartner (November 29, 1990). "Nation Shrugs as Thugs Firebomb Freedom". The Wall Street Journal.
  4. ^ "Labor Leaders Rally to Support The News Strike". The New York Times. November 15, 1990.
  5. ^ Smith, Robert Michael (2003). From blackjacks to briefcases: a history of commercialized strikebreaking in the United States. Athens OH: Ohio University Press. pp. xvi–xvii, 179. ISBN 978-0-8214-1466-8.
  6. ^ Norwood, Stephen Harlan (2002). Strikebreaking & intimidation: mercenaries and masculinity in twentieth-century America. UNC Press. p. 328. ISBN 978-0-8078-5373-3.
  7. ^ Gall, Gregor (2003). "Employer opposition to union recognition". In Gregor Gall (ed.). Union organizing: campaigning for trade union recognition. London: Routledge. pp. 79–96. ISBN 978-0-415-26781-6.
  8. ^ ITUC. "2010 Annual survey of violations of trade union rights". International Trade Union Confederation. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
  9. ^ Mixer and server, Volume 12. Hotel and Restaurant Employee's International Alliance and Bartenders' International League of America. 1903. p. 44.