Urethral cancer

This article is about cancer of the urethra. For cancer of the ureter, see Ureteral cancer.

Urethral cancer
Micrograph of a urethral cancer, urothelial cell carcinoma, found on a prostate core biopsy. H&E stain.
SpecialtyOncology Urology
SymptomsBlood in the urine, lump at end of penis,[1] Bloody urethral discharge.[2]

Urethral cancer is a rare cancer originating from the urethra. The disease has been classified by the TNM staging system and the World Health Organization.[1][3][4]

Symptoms include blood in the urine, lump at end of penis, or bloody penile discharge.[2]

Diagnosis is established by transurethral biopsy.[1]

The most common type is papillary urothelial carcinoma.[1][5] Risk factors suggested include prolonged irritations of the urethra due to urinary catheterization, chronic inflammation due to infection, radiation, diverticula of the urethra, and urethral strictures.[1]

  1. ^ a b c d e Janisch, Florian; Abufaraj, Mohammad; Fajkovic, Harun; Kimura, Shoji; Iwata, Takehiro; Nyirady, Peter; Rink, Michael; Shariat, Shahrokh F. (1 September 2019). "Current Disease Management of Primary Urethral Carcinoma". European Urology Focus. 5 (5): 722–734. doi:10.1016/j.euf.2019.07.001. ISSN 2405-4569. PMID 31307949.
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Kahan was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Compérat2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Brierley was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Ries, LAG; Young, JL; Keel, GE; Eisner, MP; Lin, YD; Horner, M-J, eds. (2007). "Chapter 30: Cancers of Rare Sites". SEER Survival Monograph: Cancer Survival Among Adults: US SEER Program, 1988–2001, Patient and Tumor Characteristics. Vol. NIH Pub. No. 07-6215. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. pp. 251–262. Archived from the original on 10 October 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2013.