Uropod (immunology)

Uropods, in immunology, refer to the hind part of polarized cells during cell migration that stabilize and move the cell. Polarized leukocytes move using amoeboid cell migration mechanisms, with a small leading edge, main cell body, and posterior uropod protrusion.[1][2] Cytoskeleton contraction and extension, controlled by various polarized signals, helps propel the cell body forward.[1][3][4][5] Leukocyte polarization is an important requirement for migration, activation and apoptosis in the adaptive and innate immune systems; most leukocytes, including monocytes, granulocytes, and T and B lymphocytes migrate to and from primary and secondary lymphoid organs to tissues to initiate immune responses to pathogens.[1][2][3][6]

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  2. ^ a b Friedl, Peter; Weigelin, Bettina (2008). "Interstitial leukocyte migration and immune function". Nature Immunology. 9 (9): 960–969. doi:10.1038/ni.f.212. PMID 18711433. S2CID 28470211.
  3. ^ a b Burkhardt, Janis (2013). "Cytoskeletal function in the immune system". Immunological Reviews. 256 (1): 5–9. doi:10.1111/imr.12121. PMID 24117809.
  4. ^ Hind, Laurel; Vincent, William; Huttenlocher, Anna (2016). "Leading from the Back: The Role of the Uropod in Neutrophil Polarization and Migration". Developmental Cell. 38 (2): 161–169. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2016.06.031. PMC 4982870. PMID 27459068.
  5. ^ Sánchez-Madrid, Francisco; Serrador, Juan M. (2009). "Bringing up the rear: defining the roles of the uropod". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 10 (5): 353–359. doi:10.1038/nrm2680. PMID 19373240. S2CID 23040367.
  6. ^ Nourshargh, Sussan; Alon, Ronen (2014). "Leukocyte Migration into Inflamed Tissues". Immunity Review. 41 (5): 694–707. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.10.008. PMID 25517612.