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This table provides a list of gases at room temperature (defined as 25° C, in line with SATP). Note that a number of substances which may be thought of as gases are in fact volatile liquids, including many anesthetic gases, chemical warfare agents and air pollutants. Inclusion in the list is necessary subjective, but the list includes most important natural, biological and industrial gases. Not included are chemically unstable gases found only in the laboratory, unless particularly notable. Also omitted are numerous partially halogenated gases (e.g. fluoroborane, trifluoroethane) unless of industrial or other significance.
The comments column
- GHG: Greenhouse Gas
- ODP: Ozone Depleting Chemical
- Toxic
| Formula | Name (IUPAC name) [other name] | Class | Molecular Weight | Boiling Point | Critical Point | comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ELEMENTS | ||||||
| H2 | Hydrogen | Element | 2.02 | -252.9 | 32.9 | Commonest element in universe |
| N2 | Nitrogen | Element | 28.01 | -195.8 | 126.2 | Major component of air |
| O2 | Oxygen | Element | 32.00 | -183.0 | 154.6 | Component of air |
| O3 | Ozone | Element | 48.00 | -112 | # | Toxic, oxidizer, pollutant |
| F2 | Fluorine | Element | 38.00 | -188.1 | 144.4 | Toxic |
| Cl2 | Chlorine | Element | 70.90 | -34.0 | 416.9 | Toxic |
| He | Helium | Element | 4.00 | -268.9 | 5.2 | Noble gas |
| Ne | Neon | Element | 20.18 | -246.0 | 44.5 | Noble gas |
| Ar | Argon | Element | 39.95 | -189.3 | 150.7 | Noble gas, 3rd component of air |
| Kr | Krypton | Element | 83.80 | -153.4 | 209.5 | Noble gas |
| Xe | Xenon | Element | 131.29 | -108.1 | 289.7 | Noble gas, anesthetic |
| Rn | Radon | Element | 222.00 | -61.7 | 377.0 | Noble gas, radioactive: half life 3.8 days |
| CARBON COMPOUNDS | ||||||
| CH4 | Methane | Hydrocarbon | 16.04 | -161 | 190.9 | GHG |
| C2H6 | Ethane | Hydrocarbon | 30.07 | -89 | 305.3 | |
| C2H4 | Ethylene (Ethene) | Hydrocarbon | 28.05 | -103.7 | 282.5 | |
| C2H2 | Acetylene (Ethyne) | Hydrocarbon | 26.04 | -84 | # | Unstable |
| C3H8 | Propane | Hydrocarbon | 44.10 | -42 | 369.522 | |
| C3H6 | Propylene (Propene) | Hydrocarbon | 42.08 | -47.6 | # | |
| C3H4 | Methylacetylene (Propyne) | Hydrocarbon | 40.07 | -23.2 | # | |
| C3H5 | Propadiene | Hydrocarbon | 40.07 | -34 | # | |
| C4H10 | Butane | Hydrocarbon | 58.12 | -1 | 425.1 | |
| C4H10 | Isobutane (methylpropane) | Hydrocarbon | 58.12 | -11 | 407.7 | |
| C4H8 | Butene | Hydrocarbon | 56.11 | -6.47 | # | |
| C4H8 | Isobutylene (methylpropene) | Hydrocarbon | 56.11 | -6.9 | # | |
| C4H6 | Butadiene | Hydrocarbon | 54.09 | -4.4 | 425 | |
| C5H10 | Neopentane (dimethylpropane) | Hydrocarbon | 72.15 | 9 | # | |
| CH2O | Formaldehyde (methanal) | Other carbon | 30.03 | -19 | # | |
| C2H4O | Acetaldehyde (ethanal) | Other carbon | 44.05 | 20.2 | 466 | |
| C2H4O | Ethylene oxide (oxirane) | Other carbon | 44.05 | 10.7 | # | |
| CH3OCH3 | Dimethyl ether {DME} (methoxymethane) | Other carbon | 46.07 | -24 | # | |
| C2H5OCH3 | Methoxyethane (ethyl methyl ether) | Other carbon | 60.10 | 7.4 | # | ??? |
| CH3NH2 | Methylamine | Other carbon | 31.06 | -6.3 | ||
| C2H5NH2 | Ethylamine | Other carbon | 45.08 | 18 | ||
| (CH3)3N | Dimethylamine | Other carbon | 45.08 | 8 | ||
| (CH3)2NH | Trimethylamine | Other carbon | 59.11 | 5 | ||
| CH3F | Fluoromethane | Halocarbon | 34.03 | -78.2 | 318.1 | CHG |
| CH3Cl | Chloromethane | Halocarbon | 50.49 | -23.8 | ||
| CH3Br | Bromomethane [Methyl bromide] | Halocarbon | 94.94 | 3.5 | ODP, toxic | |
| CH2F2 | Difluoromethane | Halocarbon | 52.02 | -52 | 351 | CHG |
| CHF3 | Fluoroform, HFC-23 (Trifluoromethane) | Halocarbon | 70.01 | -82.1 | CHG | |
| CH2ClF | Chlorofluoromethane [HCFC-31] | Halocarbon | 68.48 | -9.1 | ODP, CHG | |
| CHClF2 | HCFC-22 (Chlorodifluoromethane) | Halocarbon | 86.47 | -40.8 | ODP, CHG | |
| CHCl2F | HCFC-21 (Dichlorofluoromethane) | Halocarbon | 102.92 | 8.9 | ODP, CHG | |
| CF4 | Tetrafluoromethane | Halocarbon | 88.00 | -127.8 | CHG | |
| CClF3 | CFC-13 (Chlorotrifluoromethane) | Halocarbon | 104.46 | -81.5 | ODP, CHG | |
| CCl2F2 | CFC-12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane) | Halocarbon | 120.91 | -29.8 | ODP, CHG | |
| CCl3F | Trichlorofluoromethane[CFC-11] | Halocarbon | 137.36 | 23.77 | ||
| C2F6 | Perfluoroethane (hexafluoroethane) | Halocarbon | 138.01 | -78.2 | 293 | GHG |
| C2H5Cl | Chloroethane | Halocarbon | 64.51 | 12.3 | ||
| C2H3Cl | Vinyl chloride (chloroethene) | Halocarbon | 62.50 | -13.4 | PVC precursor, toxic, pollutant | |
| ClF2C-CClF2 | 1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane [CFC-114] | Halocarbon | 170.92 | 3.8 | 145.6 | ODP, CHG |
| C2ClF5 | Chloropentafluoroethane [CFC-115] | Halocarbon | 154.47 | -38 | ODP, CHG | |
| CHFClCF3 | HCFC-124 (2-Chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) | Halocarbon | 136.48 | -12 | ODP, CHG | |
| CF2Cl-CH3 | HCFC-142b (1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane) | Halocarbon | 100.5 | -9.2 | ODP, CHG | |
| C3F8 | Octafluoropropane | Halocarbon | 188.02 | -36.7 | 345.05 | |
| C4F10 | Perfluorobutane (Decafluorobutane) | Halocarbon | 238.03 | -1.7 | ||
| C4F8 | Perfluoroisobutene (1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)prop-1-ene) | Halocarbon | 200.03 | 7 | Toxic4 | |
| C2HF5 | Pentafluoroethane [HFC-125] | Halocarbon | 120.02 | -48.5 | ||
| C2ClF3O | Trifluoroacetyl chloride | Other carbon | 132.47 | -27 | Toxic | |
| CH3SH | Methanethiol | Other carbon | 48.11 | 5.95 | ||
| C2HF4OCHF2 | Desflurane (2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-ethane) | Other carbon | 168.038 | 23.5 | Anesthetic | |
| CO | Carbon monoxide | Oxide | 28.01 | -191.5 | 132.7 | Toxic, Pollutant |
| CO2 | Carbon dioxide | Oxide | 44.01 | -57 | 304.19 | CHG |
| C2N2 | Cyanogen | Other carbon | 52.03 | -21 | Toxic | |
| CNCl | Cyanogen chloride | Other carbon | 61.47 | 13 | Toxic | |
| COS | Carbonyl sulphide (Carbon oxide sulfide) | Other carbon | 60.08 | -50.2 | ||
| COF2 | Carbonyl difluoride {Fluorophosgene} | Other carbon | 66.01 | -84.57 | Toxic4 | |
| COCl2 | Phosgene (Carbonyl dichloride) | Other carbon | 98.92 | 8.3 | Toxic4 | |
| OTHER COMPOUNDS | ||||||
| B2H6 | Diborane | Hydride | 27.67 | -92.5 | Toxic | |
| BF3 | Boron trifluoride | Halide | 67.82 | -100.3 | -12.3 C | Toxic |
| BCl3 | Boron trichloride | Halide | 117.17 | 12.6 | Toxic | |
| NO | Nitric oxide | Oxide | 30.01 | -152 | # | |
| NO2 | Nitrogen dioxide | Oxide | 46.01 | 21.2 | # | Toxic, Pollutant |
| N2O | Nitrous oxide | Oxide | 44.01 | -88.48 | 309.6 | anesthetic (laughing gas), greenhouse Gas |
| NH3 | Ammonia | Hydride | 17.03 | -33.34 | 405.6 | Toxic, natural, MIG |
| NF3 | Nitrogen trifluoride | Halide | 71.00 | -129.1 | CHG | |
| OF2 | Oxygen difluoride | Oxyhalide | 54.00 | -144.75 | Toxic+, ozidizer | |
| HF | Hydrogen fluoride | Halide | 20.01 | 19.5 | Toxic+ | |
| SiH4 | Silane | Hydride | 32.12 | -112 | ||
| Si2H6 | Disilane | Hydride | 62.22 | -14 | ||
| SiF4 | Silicon tetrafluoride | Halide | 104.08 | -86 | Toxic | |
| SiH2Cl2 | Dichlorosilane | Halide | 101.01 | 8 | Toxic+ | |
| PH3 | Phosphine | Hydride | 34.00 | -87.7 | Toxic+ | |
| PF3 | Phosphorus trifluoride | Halide | 87.97 | -101.8 | Toxic | |
| SH2 | Hydrogen sulfide | Hydride | 34.08 | -60 | Toxic+ | |
| SO2 | Sulphur dioxide | Oxide | 64.07 | -10 | Toxic | |
| SF4 | Sulfur tetrafluoride | Halide | 108.07 | -38 | Toxic | |
| SF6 | Sulfur hexafluoride | Halide | 146.06 | -64 | ||
| SO2F2 | Sulfuryl fluoride | Oxyhalide | 102.06 | -55.4 | Toxic (3), fumigant | |
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | Halide | 36.46 | -85.05 | Toxic | |
| ClO2 | Chlorine dioxide | Oxide | 67.45 | 11 | Toxic (3), oxidizer | |
| Cl2O | Dichlorine monoxide | Oxide | 86.91 | 2 | Toxic (3), oxidizer | |
| FClO3 | Perchloryl fluoride | Oxyhalide | 102.45 | -46.7 | Toxic (3), oxidizer | |
| GeH4 | Germane | Hydride | 76.62 | -88 | Toxic+ | |
| SbH3 | Stibine | Hydride | 124.78 | -17 | Toxic+, unstable | |
| AsH3 | Arsine | Hydride | 77.95 | -62.5 | Toxic+ | |
| AsF5 | Arsenic pentafluoride | Halide | 169.91 | -52.8 | Toxic+ | |
| H2Se | Hydrogen selenide | Hydride | 80.98 | -41.25 | Toxic+ | |
| SeF6 | Selenium hexafluoride | Halide | 192.95 | -46.6 | Toxic (3) | |
| HBr | Hydrogen bromide | Halide | 80.91 | -66.8 | Toxic | |
| HI | Hydrogen iodide | Halide | 127.90 | -35.36 | Toxic | |
| TeF6 | Tellurium hexafluoride | Halide | 241.59 | -37.6 | Toxic+ | |
| WF6 | Tungsten hexafluoride | Halide | 297.83 | 17.1 | Heaviest gas, toxic |