User:PecMo

Not quite sure how you ended up here; make yourself at home though :-)

You're probably already wondering what my new username, PecMo, means. Well, it's exactly what's in front of you: the pectoralis major muscle, and this isn't just another muscle to memorize for its origin, insertion and action. It was the answer to a head-scratcher in anatomy class that left everyone else stumped. That first taste of triumph in med school? It was unforgettable, and PecMo is my way of keeping that feeling close.
My sandboxes
User:PecMo/sandbox
Primary
User:PecMo/sandbox2
Secondary
User:PecMo/sandbox3
Tertiary
Pages I created
Some of my uploads from ncbi
A section of the tibial epiphysis of a 19 day-old rat stained with von Kossa (This stain visualizes calcium deposits in bone as black to identify areas of mineralization) and counterstained with toluidine blue. Bone tissue at the upper portion consists of narrow trabeculae that are continuous with the radially oriented calcified longitudinal septa of the hypertrophic cartilage. The overall radial organization of the trabeculae at this region gave the bone marrow a “bicycle wheel” pattern 🛞🎡⚙️.[1]
A schematic for endochondral ossification of long bones:[2]
  1. Primary endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a chondrocyte template. Afterwards, chondrocytes undergo hypertrophy beginning from the mid-diaphysis, eventually extending to the epiphyseal poles, vasculature invades the forming bone transporting mesenchymal stromal cells and hypertrophic cells undergo apoptosis. Mesenchymal stromal cells differentiate into osteoblasts and then osteocytes.
  2. Secondary ossification occurs at the epiphysis post-natally and bone formation initiates at the center and extends peripherally.
Examples of microvascular diseases.
From actin's dynamic scaffolding to the selective gates of nephrin, podocyte proteins orchestrate the delicate choreography of renal filtration.
Intracerebral metabolism of iron and its neuro‐bioavailability.
TRPC5-mediated chemoresistance:[3]
  1. TRPC5 overexpression activates the transcription factor NFATC3 Ca2+ signaling pathway, leading to p-glycoprotein (p-gp) overexpression. Moreover, the overexpressed p-gp expels chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin triggering chemoresistance.
  2. Chemoresistant breast cancer cells overexpressing TRPC5 transfer channel units to chemo sensitive recipient cells via extracellular vesicles (EV), leading to the development of TRPC5-mediated chemoresistance in these cells.
As shown in the left portion of the figure, angiotensin II (Ang II) activates phospholipase C (PLC), which cleaves phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into diacyl glycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). DAG activates TRPC6 channels, and IP3 binds to its receptor on the endoplasmic reticulum. Both DAG and IP3 lead to increased cytosolic calcium concentration. This, in turn, leads to activation of BK channels, and subsequently K+ efflux. The upper side of the figure illustrates that TRPC6 interaction with podocyte-specific proteins such as nephrin, podocin and CD2AP allows this channel to be mechanosensitive, and hence TRPC6 channels can be activated by both chemical and mechanical stimuli.
Confocal microscopy analysis of rat retinal sections immunolabeled for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) reveals distinct morphological changes in foot processes of Müller cells. In normal retinas on the left, GFAP expression is predominantly localized to the innermost layers of the retina, namely the nerve fiber layer and the ganglion cell layer (GCL). However, on the right, there is a marked increase in GFAP-positive fibers, indicating pronounced hypertrophy and thickening of Müller cell processes. These hypertrophic processes extended through the inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer nuclear layer (ONL), strongly indicative of retinal gliosis (N.B. Nuclei, stained with DAPI, appear blue under microscopy).
Some of my personal opinions
  1. ^ Fernández-Iglesias, Á; Fuente, R; Gil-Peña, H; Alonso-Durán, L; Santos, F; López, JM (18 January 2021). "The Formation of the Epiphyseal Bone Plate Occurs via Combined Endochondral and Intramembranous-Like Ossification". International journal of molecular sciences. 22 (2). doi:10.3390/ijms22020900. PMC 7830543. PMID 33477458. This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
  2. ^ Aghajanian, P; Mohan, S (2018). "The art of building bone: emerging role of chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation in endochondral ossification". Bone research. 6: 19. doi:10.1038/s41413-018-0021-z. PMC 6002476. PMID 29928541. This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
  3. ^ Soussi, M; Hasselsweiller, A; Gkika, D (12 September 2023). "TRP Channels: The Neglected Culprits in Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Resistance?". Membranes. 13 (9). doi:10.3390/membranes13090788. PMC 10536409. PMID 37755210. This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.