Vehicle-to-everything

Vehicle to x (Illustration)

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) describes wireless communication between a vehicle and any entity that may affect, or may be affected by, the vehicle. Sometimes called C-V2X, it is a vehicular communication system that is intended to improve road safety and traffic efficiency while reducing pollution and saving energy.

The automotive and communications industries, along with the U.S. government,[1] European Union[2] and South Korea[3] are actively promoting V2X and C-V2X as potentially live-saving, pollution-reducing technologies. The U.S. Department of Transport has said V2X technologies offer significant transportation safety and mobility benefits.[1] The U.S. NHTSA estimates a minimum of 13% reduction in traffic accidents if a V2V system were implemented, resulting in 439,000 fewer crashes per year.[4] V2X technology is already being used in Europe and China.[5]

There are two standards for dedicated V2X communications depending on the underlying wireless technology being used: (1) WLAN-based, and (2) cellular-based. V2X also incorporates various more specific types of communication including :

  • Vehicle-to-Device (V2D) - Bluetooth / WiFi-Direct, e.g. Apple's CarPlay and Google's Android Auto.
  • Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) - information exchange with the smart grid to balance loads more efficiently.
    • Vehicle-to-Building (V2B), also known as Vehicle-to-Home (V2H)
    • Vehicle-to-Load (V2L)
  • Vehicle-to-Network (V2N) - communication based on Cellular (3GPP) / 802.11p.
    • Vehicle-to-Cloud (V2C) - e.g. OTA updates, remote vehicle diagnostics (DoIP).
    • Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) - e.g. traffic lights, lane markers and parking meters.
    • Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) - e.g. wheelchairs and bicycles, commonly also used to designate vulnerable road users (VRUs).[6]
    • Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) - real-time data exchange with nearby vehicles.
  1. ^ a b "USDOT Opens $40 Million Grant Opportunity for Connected Vehicle Technologies That Will Help Save Lives on Our Nation's Roadways". U.S. Department of Transportation Newsroom. October 26, 2023.
  2. ^ "Open statement: Europe Converging towards 5G-V2X Including Direct Communications". 5GAA. Retrieved 2024-07-11.
  3. ^ "The Republic of Korea Picks C-V2X as its Technology of Choice". 5GAA. Retrieved 2024-07-11.
  4. ^ "Vehicle-To-Vehicle Communication Technology For Light Vehicles" (PDF). www.google.com. p. e10. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
  5. ^ "China to lead the global deployment of short-range V2X". futureiot.tech/. Retrieved 2024-02-13.
  6. ^ Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) Communications for Safety