Vienna
| |
|---|---|
Capital city, federal state and municipality | |
 Flag  Seal  Logo | |
 Map of Vienna | |
 Vienna highlighted in Austria | |
  Vienna Location within Austria  Vienna Location within Europe | |
| Coordinates: 48°12′30″N 16°22′21″E / 48.20833°N 16.37250°E | |
| Country | Austria |
| Federal state | Vienna |
| Government | |
| • Body | State and Municipality |
| • Mayor and Governor | Michael Ludwig (SPÖ) |
| Area | |
| • Capital city, federal state and municipality | 414.78 km2 (160.15 sq mi) |
| • Land | 395.25 km2 (152.61 sq mi) |
| • Water | 19.39 km2 (7.49 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 151 (Lobau) – 542 (Hermannskogel) m (495–1,778 ft) |
| Population (2024)[3] | 2,014,614 |
| • Rank | 10th in Europe 1st in Austria |
| • Urban | 2,223,236 ("Kernzone")[2] |
| • Metro | 2,890,577 |
| • Ethnicity[4] |
|
| Demonyms | German: Wiener (m), Wienerin (f) Viennese |
| GDP | |
| • Capital city, federal state and municipality | €110.923 billion (2022) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code |
|
| ISO 3166 code | AT-9 |
| Vehicle registration | W |
| HDI (2022) | 0.948[7] very high · 1st of 9 |
| Seats in the Federal Council | 10 / 60
|
| GeoTLD | .wien |
| Website | wien |
| Official name | Historic Centre of Vienna |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | ii, iv, vi |
| Designated | 2001 (25th session) |
| Reference no. | 1033 |
| UNESCO Region | Europe and North America |
| Endangered | 2017–present[8] |
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Vienna (/viˈɛnə/ vee-EN-ə;[9][10] German: Wien [viːn] ; Austro-Bavarian: Wean [veɐ̯n]) is the capital, most populous city, and one of nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants.[11][12] Its larger metropolitan area has a population of nearly 2.9 million,[13] representing nearly one-third of the country's population. Vienna is the cultural, economic, and political center of the country, the fifth-largest city by population in the European Union, and the most-populous of the cities on the Danube river.
The city lies on the eastern edge of the Vienna Woods (Wienerwald), the northeasternmost foothills of the Alps, that separate Vienna from the more western parts of Austria, at the transition to the Pannonian Basin. It sits on the Danube, and is traversed by the highly regulated Wienfluss (Vienna River). Vienna is completely surrounded by Lower Austria, and lies around 50 km (31 mi) west of Slovakia and its capital Bratislava, 60 km (37 mi) northwest of Hungary, and 60 km (37 mi) south of Moravia (Czech Republic).
The once Celtic settlement of Vedunia was converted by the Romans into the castrum Vindobona (province of Pannonia) in the 1st century, and was elevated to a municipium with Roman city rights in 212. This was followed by a time in the sphere of influence of the Lombards and later the Pannonian Avars, when Slavs formed the majority of the region's population.[a] From the 8th century on, the region was settled by the Baiuvarii. In 1155, Vienna became the seat of the Babenbergs, who ruled Austria from 976 to 1246. In 1221, Vienna was granted city rights. During the 16th century, the Habsburgs, who had succeeded the Babenbergs, established Vienna as the seat of the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire, a position it held until the empire's dissolution in 1806, with only a brief interruption. With the formation of the Austrian Empire in 1804, Vienna became the capital of it and all its successor states.
Throughout the modern era Vienna has been among the largest German-speaking cities in the world, being the largest in the 18th and 19th century, peaking at two million inhabitants before it was overtaken by Berlin at the beginning of the 20th century.[14][15][16] Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations, OPEC and the OSCE. In 2001, the city center was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In July 2017, it was moved to the list of World Heritage in Danger.[17]
Vienna has been called the "City of Music"[18] due to its musical legacy, as many famous classical musicians such as Beethoven, Brahms, Bruckner, Haydn, Mahler, Mozart, Schoenberg, Schubert, Johann Strauss I and Johann Strauss II lived and worked there.[19] It played a pivotal role as a leading European music center, from the age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. Vienna was home to the world's first psychoanalyst, Sigmund Freud.[20] The historic center of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque palaces and gardens, and the late-19th-century Ringstraße, which is lined with grand buildings, monuments, and parks.[21]
In 2024, Vienna retained its position as most livable city per the Economist Intelligence Unit, and has spent every year since 2015 in the top 2 places, bar 2021 due to the COVID-19 lockdowns.
- ^ "Dauersiedlungsraum der Gemeinden, Politischen Bezirke und Bundesländer, Gebietsstand 1.1.2019". Retrieved 9 November 2019.
- ^ "Bevölkerung Stadtregion Wien". stadtregionen.at (in German). Archived from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
- ^ "Population 01.04.2024". Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
- ^ Becoming a Minority Project. "Vienna – BAM – Becoming a Minority". bamproject.eu. Archived from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
- ^ "Basisdaten Bundesländer" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2006. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
- ^ "Postlexikon". Post AG. 2018. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
- ^ "Austria". Subnational HDI (v7.0). Global Data Lab. Institute for Management Research, Radboud University. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Historic Centre of Vienna inscribed on List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
- ^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
- ^ Roach, Peter (2011). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15253-2.
- ^ "Bevölkerung zu Jahres-/Quartalsanfang" [Population at beginning of year/quarter] (in German). Statistik Austria. 8 November 2023. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
- ^ "Bevölkerung zu Jahres-/Quartalsanfang" [Population at the beginning of the year/quarter]. Statistik Austria. 1 April 2022. Archived from the original on 12 June 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
- ^ "Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and metropolitan regions". Eurostat. 4 May 2022. Archived from the original on 24 November 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
- ^ "Vienna after the war" (PDF). The New York Times. 29 December 1918. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2020.
- ^ "Wien nun zweitgrößte deutschsprachige Stadt". touch.ots.at. Archived from the original on 20 July 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
- ^ "Ergebnisse Zensus 2011" (in German). Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder. 31 May 2013. Archived from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
- ^ "Historic Centre of Vienna". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
- ^ "Vienna – the City of Music – Vienna – Now or Never". Wien.info. Archived from the original on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
- ^ "Vienna's musical heritage - Mozart, Strauss, Haydn and Schubert". Music of Vienna. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
- ^ BBC Documentary – Vienna – The City of Dreams
- ^ "Historic Centre of Vienna". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 2 November 2011. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
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