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The Vimalakīrti Nirdeśa (Devanagari: विमलकीर्तिनिर्देश) (sometimes referred to as the Vimalakīrti Sūtra or Vimalakīrti Nirdeśa Sūtra) is a Buddhist text which centers on a lay Buddhist meditator who attained a very high degree of enlightenment considered by some second only to the Buddha's. It was extremely influential in East Asia, but most likely of considerably less importance in the Indian and Tibetan sub-traditions of Mahāyāna Buddhism[according to whom?]. The word nirdeśa in the title means "instruction, advice", and Vimalakīrti is the name of the main protagonist of the text, and means "Taintless Fame".
The sutra teaches, among other subjects, the meaning of nondualism, the doctrine of the true body of the Buddha, the characteristically Mahāyāna claim that the appearances of the world are mere illusions, and the superiority of the Mahāyāna over other paths. It places in the mouth of the upāsaka (lay practitioner) Vimalakīrti a teaching addressed to both arhats and bodhisattvas, regarding the doctrine of śūnyatā. In most versions, the discourse of the text culminates with a wordless teaching of silence.[1] Translator Burton Watson argues that the Vimalakīrti Nirdeśa was likely composed in approximately 100 CE.[2]
Although it had been thought lost for centuries, a version in Sanskrit was recovered in 1999 among the manuscripts of the Potala Palace in Lhasa.[3] The Sanskrit was published in parallel with the Tibetan and three Chinese versions by the Study Group on Buddhist Sanskrit Literature at the Institute for Comprehensive Studies of Buddhism at Taisho University in 2004,[4] and in 2006, the same group published a critical edition that has become the standard version of the Sanskrit for scholarly purposes.[5] In 2007 the Nagarjuna Institute of Exact Methods published a romanized Sanskrit version under the title Āryavimalakīrtinirdeśo Nāma Mahāyānasūtram.[6]
For a recent and thorough summary of the present scholarly understanding of the text, readers should consult Felbur.[7]
- ^ Felbur, Rafal (2015). "Vimalakīrtinirdeśa". Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism. 1: 275.
- ^ Watson, Burton (1997). The Vimalakirti Sutra. Columbia University Press. pp. 1–2. ISBN 9780231106566.
- ^ Sidhartha's, Inent. "A Darshan in Vimalakirti Nirdesha". Sidhartha's Intent. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
- ^ Study Group on Buddhist Sanskrit Literature at the Institute for Comprehensive Studies of Buddhism 大正大学綜合仏教研究所梵語佛典硏究会 (2004). Vimalakīrtinirdeśa: Transliterated Sanskrit Text Collated with Tibetan and Chinese Translations 梵蔵漢対照維摩経. Taisho University Press.
- ^ Study Group on Buddhist Sanskrit Literature at the Institute for Comprehensive Studies of Buddhism 大正大学綜合仏教研究所梵語佛典硏究会 (2006). Vimalakīrtinirdeśa: A Sanskrit Edition Based upon the Manuscript Newly Found at the Potala Palace 梵文維摩経―ポタラ宮所蔵写本に基づく校訂. Taisho University Press.
- ^ "Āryavimalakīrtinirdeśo Nāma Mahāyānasūtram". Samsara. Retrieved 15 April 2015. [dead link]
- ^ Felbur, Rafal (2015). "Vimalakīrtinirdeśa". Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism. 1: 274–282.