Violence against transgender people

A 2021 Transgender Day of Remembrance memorial in Radcliffe Square, Oxford.

Violence against transgender people includes emotional, physical, sexual, or verbal violence targeted towards transgender people.[1] The term has also been applied to hate speech directed at transgender people[2] and at depictions of transgender people in the media that reinforce negative stereotypes about them.[3] Trans and non-binary gender adolescents can experience bashing in the form of bullying and harassment.[4] When compared to their cisgender peers, trans and non-binary gender youth are at increased risk for victimisation and substance abuse.[4]

Institutional discrimination against trans people due to transphobia or homophobia is a common occurrence for trans people.[5][6][7] Hate crimes against trans people are common, and "in some instances, inaction by police or other government officials leads to the untimely deaths of transgender victims."[8] Protections against violence for transgender people vary by jurisdiction.

  1. ^ O'Keefe, Mariza (17 November 2006). "Guilty plea over transsexual bashing". Herald Sun. Archived from the original on 2 May 2008. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  2. ^ "Demagogues of Defamation". Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights. Archived from the original on 11 March 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  3. ^ McNamara, Mary (8 February 2001). "Transgender Artists, Work Gaining Acceptance". Los Angeles Times.
  4. ^ a b Reisner, Sari L.; Greytak, Emily A.; Parsons, Jeffrey T.; Ybarra, Michele L. (24 March 2015). "Gender Minority Social Stress in Adolescence: Disparities in Adolescent Bullying and Substance Use by Gender Identity". The Journal of Sex Research. 52 (3): 243–256. doi:10.1080/00224499.2014.886321. PMC 4201643. PMID 24742006.
  5. ^ "Trans Health Project: A position paper and resolution adopted by the Ontario Public Health Association (OPHA)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 February 2004.
  6. ^ Hill, D.B. (2001). "Genderism, transphobia, and gender bashing: A framework for interpreting anti-transgender violence". In Wallace, B.; Carter, R. (eds.). A multicultural approach for understanding and dealing with violence: A handbook for psychologists and educators. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing.[page needed]
  7. ^ Namaste, V.K. (2000a). Invisible lives: The erasure of transsexual and transgendered people. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  8. ^ Frye, Phyllis (Fall 2000). "The International Bill of Gender Rights vs. The Cide House Rules: Transgenders struggle with the courts over what clothing they are allowed to wear on the job, which restroom they are allowed to use on the job, their right to marry, and the very definition of their sex". William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law. 7: 139–145.