Violence against transgender people includes emotional, physical, sexual, or verbal violence targeted towards transgender people.[1] The term has also been applied to hate speech directed at transgender people[2] and at depictions of transgender people in the media that reinforce negative stereotypes about them.[3] Trans and non-binary gender adolescents can experience bashing in the form of bullying and harassment.[4] When compared to their cisgender peers, trans and non-binary gender youth are at increased risk for victimisation and substance abuse.[4]
Institutional discrimination against trans people due to transphobia or homophobia is a common occurrence for trans people.[5][6][7] Hate crimes against trans people are common, and "in some instances, inaction by police or other government officials leads to the untimely deaths of transgender victims."[8] Protections against violence for transgender people vary by jurisdiction.
^Hill, D.B. (2001). "Genderism, transphobia, and gender bashing: A framework for interpreting anti-transgender violence". In Wallace, B.; Carter, R. (eds.). A multicultural approach for understanding and dealing with violence: A handbook for psychologists and educators. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing.[page needed]
^Namaste, V.K. (2000a). Invisible lives: The erasure of transsexual and transgendered people. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
^Frye, Phyllis (Fall 2000). "The International Bill of Gender Rights vs. The Cide House Rules: Transgenders struggle with the courts over what clothing they are allowed to wear on the job, which restroom they are allowed to use on the job, their right to marry, and the very definition of their sex". William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law. 7: 139–145.