Virivore

Virivore (equivalently virovore) comes from the English prefix viro- meaning virus, derived from the Latin word for poison[citation needed], and the suffix -vore from the Latin word vorare, meaning to eat, or to devour;[1] therefore, a virivore is an organism that consumes viruses. Virivory is a well-described process in which organisms, primarily heterotrophic protists,[2][3][4][5][6][7] but also some metazoans[8][9] consume viruses.

Viruses are considered a top predator in marine environments, as they can lyse microbes and release nutrients (i.e. the viral shunt). Viruses also play an important role in the structuring of microbial trophic relationships and regulation of carbon flow.[10][11]

  1. ^ Government of Canada PS (2019-12-06). "-vore – Writing Tips Plus – Writing Tools – Resources of the Language Portal of Canada – Canada.ca". www.noslangues-ourlanguages.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-13.
  2. ^ González JM, Suttle CA (1993). "Grazing by marine nanoflagellates on viruses and virus-sized particles: Ingestion and digestion" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 94 (1): 1–10. Bibcode:1993MEPS...94....1G. doi:10.3354/meps094001.
  3. ^ Gowing MM (1993). "Large virus-like particles from vacuoles of phaeodarian radiolarians and from other marine samples" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 101: 33–42. Bibcode:1993MEPS..101...33G. doi:10.3354/meps101033.
  4. ^ Deng L, Krauss S, Feichtmayer J, Hofmann R, Arndt H, Griebler C (2014). "Grazing of heterotrophic flagellates on viruses is driven by feeding behaviour". Environmental Microbiology Reports. 6 (4): 325–330. Bibcode:2014EnvMR...6..325D. doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12119. PMID 24992530.
  5. ^ Brown JM, Labonté JM, Brown J, Record NR, Poulton NJ, Sieracki ME, Logares R, Stepanauskas R (2020). "Single Cell Genomics Reveals Viruses Consumed by Marine Protists". Frontiers in Microbiology. 11: 524828. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.524828. PMC 7541821. PMID 33072003.
  6. ^ Olive M, Moerman F, Fernandez-Cassi X, Altermatt F, Kohn T (2022). "Removal of Waterborne Viruses by Tetrahymena pyriformis Is Virus-Specific and Coincides with Changes in Protist Swimming Speed". Environmental Science & Technology. 56 (7): 4062–4070. Bibcode:2022EnST...56.4062O. doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c05518. PMC 8988290. PMID 35258957.
  7. ^ DeLong JP, Van Etten JL, Al-Ameeli Z, Agarkova IV, Dunigan DD (2023-01-03). "The consumption of viruses returns energy to food chains". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 120 (1): e2215000120. Bibcode:2023PNAS..12015000D. doi:10.1073/pnas.2215000120. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9910503. PMID 36574690. S2CID 255219850.
  8. ^ Hadas E, Marie D, Shpigel M, Ilan M (2006). "Virus predation by sponges is a new nutrient-flow pathway in coral reef food webs". Limnology and Oceanography. 51 (3): 1548–1550. Bibcode:2006LimOc..51.1548H. doi:10.4319/lo.2006.51.3.1548.
  9. ^ Welsh JE, Steenhuis P, de Moraes KR, van der Meer J, Thieltges DW, Brussaard CP (2020). "Marine virus predation by non-host organisms". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 5221. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.5221W. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61691-y. PMC 7089979. PMID 32251308.
  10. ^ Fuhrman JA (June 1999). "Marine viruses and their biogeochemical and ecological effects". Nature. 399 (6736): 541–548. Bibcode:1999Natur.399..541F. doi:10.1038/21119. PMID 10376593. S2CID 1260399.
  11. ^ Suttle CA (2007). "Marine viruses — major players in the global ecosystem". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 5 (10): 801–812. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1750. ISSN 1740-1534. PMID 17853907. S2CID 4658457.